October DealsAmazon USOctober deal check: compare before you payAmazon US: current deals, useful picks and tech finds.Check DealsWindows FixRecommendedWindows errors stealing your time? Find the fix fastScan stability, cleanup and performance issues.Fix NowOctober DealsAmazon USDeal season is back - check today's better picksAmazon US: current deals, useful picks and tech finds.See Picks×
Skip to content
Breeding

Greenland Shark: Why a “300-Year-Old” Shark Is So Special

A Greenland shark was not assigned an exact 300th birthday, but radiocarbon dating suggests these deep-water sharks can live for centuries. Here is what scientists measured, what remains uncertain, and why bycatch is a serious threat.

By Animalso Team 4 min read

What’s actually slowing this PC down?

Pick the symptom - the matching free tool is one click away.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

The shark is the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus), and “300 years old” is an approximate headline, not the precisely measured age of one identified animal. A 2016 study estimated its largest sampled female at 392 ± 120 years; the study’s reported probability range began at 272 years. NOAA therefore describes the largest sampled shark as estimated to be between 272 and 512 years old.

That combination of extraordinary longevity, growth of less than 1 cm per year, and reproduction only after more than a century makes the Greenland shark exceptional—and unusually vulnerable when fishing gear catches it accidentally.

How old can a Greenland shark get?

The strongest published estimate comes from Nielsen and coauthors’ 2016 study, which examined eye-lens tissue from 28 female Greenland sharks measuring 81 to 502 cm long. Radiocarbon dating indicated a lifespan of at least 272 years. The largest shark in that sample, a 502 cm female, was estimated at 392 ± 120 years.

Those figures are estimates, not an exact birth date. The Canadian 2025 COSEWIC assessment says Greenland shark age estimates remain highly uncertain and that the single aging study has not yet been validated.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.
#1 Best Overall
XIYUAN 39.3-Inch SharkPlush Toy Giant SharkStuffed Animal Soft SharkPillow Cushion Shark Plush Pillow Chubby Stuffed Shark Toy Bedtime Gift Throw Pillow for Home Room Décor Kids
  • VACUUM PACKAGING: Because it is a relatively large plush stuffed toy, vacuum packaging is used for transportation. When you open the packaging after receiving the product, please pat it and leave the toy for 1 to 2 days to restore the shape shown in the picture
  • PREMIUM MATERIAL: Cute blue shark plush pillow toy using two-color short plush, fully showing the dark and light blue of the sea. Stretchy super soft fabric, filled with soft pp cotton inside. Not afraid to stretch, not afraid to squeeze, feel smooth and comfortable, skin-friendly fluffy
  • MULTI PURPOSE: 39.3inch/100cm large size suitable for hugging and leaning, but also a good decoration for beds, sofas and cars. Suitable for bedroom, living room, home, office, car, travel and other places
  • REALISTIC SHARK DESIGN: The plush animal has a cool shark design with vivid eyes and sharp teeth making the toy look more realistic. Shark plush pillow abdomen is full of elasticity, in line with the human body structure, very suitable for children to hold or lie down to play and sleep
  • MULTIFUNCTIONAL PLUSH TOY: A versatile plush toy that can be used as a toy, pillow, cushion and body pillow. Kids of all ages will love this plush toy for reading, watching TV, studying and dozing off on a big soft pillow
Figure What it means Source and qualification
At least 272 years Lower end of the primary study’s reported age range Nielsen et al., 2016; based on radiocarbon analysis of 28 females
392 ± 120 years Estimate for the largest sampled shark, a 502 cm female Nielsen et al., 2016; uncertainty must remain attached to the estimate
272–512 years NOAA’s public description of the largest sampled shark’s estimated age NOAA Ocean Service, accessed 2026
156 ± 22 years Estimated age at sexual maturity in the 2016 study Nielsen et al., 2016; an estimate, not a direct observation of every shark

The authors of the primary study called the Greenland shark “the longest-lived vertebrate known,” while also warning that the finding raises conservation concerns. Read the study abstract via PubMed.

How scientists estimated the shark’s age

Why normal shark aging methods do not work well

Many sharks can be aged by counting growth bands in vertebrae or fin spines. Greenland sharks lack fin spines, and their vertebrae are too soft to preserve the bands needed for that conventional approach.

Rank #2
Sale
Large Plush Shark Stuffed Animals (2-Pack) 14-In Mako & 13 Inch Hammerhead
  • AWESOME! SET OF MAKO & HAMMERHEAD STUFFED SHARKS: Each set includes a Hammerhead shark that measures 13 inches and a Mako Shark that measures 14 inches in length. The Mako shark can be found in temperate and tropical seas all over the globe. Hammerhead Sharks are ferocious predators that hunt and tear apart their prey with their sharp teeth!
  • EXTRA SOFT! A GIFT CHILDREN & TODDLERS LOVE : Our Bedwina Plushie Sharks are different! Thats because our stuffed animals are made of soft plush material that makes them cuddly, fluffy and adorable guaranteed! They are the perfect gift for children of all ages 3+.
  • EACH SHARK COMES WITH ITS OWN STORY: Each shark has its own individual tag with fun facts about each animal. Are you looking for great quality stuffed animal shark toys then they will love these Mako & Hammerhead Shark Stuffed Animals.
  • GREAT HIGH QUALITY FABRIC: The Mako Shark Measures 14 inches in length and the Hammerhead measures 13 inches. Because these stuffed animal plush toys have high quality super soft plush material fabric and hard plastic sewn eyes you'll notice they will last! This is great for you because your shark lovers will be very happy with both of them!
  • TRUSTED BRAND: When shopping with Bedwina you can be rest assured that our if for whatever reason you are not 100% satisfied we'll take back your product, no questions asked. We are here to make you happy, 100% of the time with our 100% satisfaction guaranteed

Radiocarbon in the eye lens

Researchers instead analyzed radiocarbon in the nuclei of eye-lens cells. Eye-lens proteins form before birth and do not degrade with age, so the chemical signature preserved there can be dated. NOAA explains the method in “Determining Shark Ages With Eye Lenses.”

The technique uses the atmospheric “bomb radiocarbon” signal created when nuclear-weapons testing sharply increased carbon-14 during the mid-20th century. That time marker helps scientists estimate when tissue formed, but it is not a perfect clock. Deep-ocean carbon-14 dynamics before and after the testing era add uncertainty, and age determination remains difficult for sharks.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.
Rank #3
XIGUI 39.5 Inch SharkPlush Toy Pillow Giant Shark Stuffed Animal Soft Shark Pillow Cushion Shark Plush Pillow Chubby Stuffed Shark Toy for Home Room Décor Kids Bedtime Gift Throw Pillow
  • Safety certification: our shark plush has a product safety certificate certified by CPSIA. Without any sharp small parts, children can safely hold the shark plush that can be washed by machine and hand for entertainment, play and sleep
  • Versatile Design: Functions both as a decorative stuffed animal and a comfortable cushion pillow for bedrooms, playrooms, or living spaces
  • Impressive Size: 39.5-inch shark plush toy that serves as an eye-catching decorative piece while providing a cozy companion for children and adults alike
  • Super Soft and Cuddly Material: High quality plush fabric makes this shark extremely soft, very suitable for hugging, or as a comfortable pillow, room decoration, children's room decoration, ocean theme room decoration
  • Multi-Purpose Functionality: Can be used as a stuffed toy, a pillow, a nap partner, or as a decoration for a bedroom or living room to add a comfortable ocean atmosphere

What makes Greenland sharks biologically unusual?

Exceptionally slow growth

NOAA says Greenland sharks grow less than 1 cm per year and can exceed 6 meters. At that rate, reaching adult size takes many decades or centuries rather than a typical human lifetime.

Late maturity

The 2016 study estimated sexual maturity at 156 ± 22 years. COSEWIC’s 2025 assessment gives different maturity measures based on body size: approximately 284 ± 6 cm for males and 419 ± 4 cm for females. These are assessment estimates, and they should not be treated as a settled age for every population.

Rank #4
Sale
Extra Large Plush Shark Stuffed Animals (2-Pack) 20 Inch Mako & Hammerhead
  • AWESOME! SET OF MAKO & HAMMERHEAD STUFFED SHARKS: Each set includes a Hammerhead shark that measures 20 inches and a Mako Shark that measures 20 inches in length. The Mako shark can be found in temperate and tropical seas all over the globe. Hammerhead Sharks are ferocious predators that hunt and tear apart their prey with their sharp teeth!
  • EXTRA SOFT! A GIFT CHILDREN & TODDLERS LOVE : Our Bedwina Plushie Sharks are different! Thats because our stuffed animals are made of soft plush material that makes them cuddly, fluffy and adorable guaranteed! They are the perfect gift for children of all ages 3+.
  • EACH SHARK COMES WITH ITS OWN STORY: Each shark has its own individual tag with fun facts about each animal. Are you looking for great quality stuffed animal shark toys then they will love these Mako & Hammerhead Shark Stuffed Animals.
  • GREAT HIGH QUALITY FABRIC: The Mako Shark Measures 20 inches in length and the Hammerhead measures 20 inches long. Because these stuffed animal plush toys have high quality super soft plush material fabric and hard plastic sewn eyes you'll notice they will last! This is great for you because your shark lovers will be very happy with both of them!
  • TRUSTED BRAND: When shopping with Bedwina you can be rest assured that our if for whatever reason you are not 100% satisfied we'll take back your product, no questions asked. We are here to make you happy, 100% of the time with our 100% satisfaction guaranteed

Life in Arctic deep water

Greenland sharks are deep-water animals that can tolerate Arctic waters year-round. Cold conditions and a slow metabolism are often discussed as possible contributors to their longevity, but NOAA presents that relationship as a theory rather than an established single cause.

Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Support on Ko-Fi

Why such a long life increases conservation risk

A species that grows slowly and reproduces late has little ability to replace adults quickly after losses. Greenland sharks are also vulnerable to incidental capture in nets and on lines. NOAA says most sharks entering fishing gear today are caught accidentally and identifies reducing bycatch as critical to conservation.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.
Best Value
OPHRBU Blue 24-inch Shark Stuffed Animal Plush Soft Toy for Kids Gift
  • Soft material: shark stuffed animal toys are filled with high quality PP cotton. Breathable and safe material, soft as a cloud and comfortable to the touch. Perfect for hugging and leaning.
  • Size:pink shark stuffed animal is about 23.6/31.5/39.4inches, a large size plush toy that is sure to be loved and embraced,suitable for a variety of occasions and can be a nice match for your room or any home decor.
  • Funny Gifts: This shark pillow is the best choice for gift giving,The cute plush shark is suitable for New Year, birthday, party, Valentine's Day, Easter, graduation season, Thanksgiving, Christmas and more or any occasion.
  • Wide range of applications:shark plush Cute Sea Animal is not only a toy, it can also be used for many purposes.
  • stuffed shark plush toy:Suitable for bedrooms, living rooms, homes, offices, cars, travel and other places.can be a nice match for your room or any home decor. Put big stuffed animals in the office, you can sleep on it act as a lumbar pillow, relieve work fatigue, and give you a soft hug.

Several population and reproductive details remain unresolved. COSEWIC says litter size, gestation length, reproductive cycle, mating sites, and pupping grounds are still uncertain. Its generation-time estimates range from 63 to more than 200 years, with 150–200 years considered likely. That uncertainty makes it difficult to predict how quickly populations can recover from fishing-related mortality.

What the “300-year-old shark” headline gets right—and wrong

  • Right: Greenland sharks are among the most extraordinarily long-lived vertebrates known, with a study-based minimum estimate of 272 years.
  • Right: The largest shark examined in the 2016 sample could have been several centuries old.
  • Wrong if taken literally: Scientists have not identified a living shark with a precisely verified 300-year birthday.
  • Not established: A definitive maximum lifespan for the species, or a proven explanation that cold water alone causes its longevity.

What remains unknown

The evidence currently supports remarkable longevity, but not a precise lifespan limit. COSEWIC notes that the radiocarbon approach has not yet been independently validated for Greenland sharks and that uncertainty in deep-ocean carbon cycling affects the estimates. The 28-shark sample also consisted entirely of females, so it does not establish identical ages or growth patterns for all sexes, populations, or individuals.

For the latest public explanation of the age estimate and the species’ ecology, see NOAA’s overview, “How long do Greenland sharks live?” COSEWIC’s full 2025 assessment is available at Canada’s species-at-risk registry.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

Free tools Windows power users keep installed

One-click scans. No signup required.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

More from Field Notes

Recommended PC Tool
Recommended PC Tool
Outdated Drivers Are Slowing You DownFree scan - exact matches
Windows Errors? Fix Them Before They SpreadFree repair scan

Two free Windows tools

One Free Minute Could Fix That PC

Before you go - each of these free tools takes about a minute and tackles what quietly slows a Windows PC down.

Special offer. View Outbyte info, uninstall instructions, EULA, and Privacy Policy.