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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallAbout 5,000 fish species are recorded in Brazil. A recent research synthesis estimates around 3,200 freshwater species and 2,150 marine species, but these are rounded estimates—not a precise census. Here, “types” means scientifically recorded species.
How many fish species does Brazil have?
The most useful short answer is about 5,000 recorded fish species. Birindelli and colleagues’ 2025 account uses that rounded national estimate. It also gives separate estimates of approximately 3,200 freshwater species and 2,150 marine species.
The freshwater and marine figures come from separate estimates and do not add up to an exact national total. They should not be treated as a precise tally: species classifications change, and researchers continue to describe species and revise taxonomy.
Freshwater and marine fish in Brazil
| Environment | Estimated recorded species | Attribution |
|---|---|---|
| Freshwater | Approximately 3,200 | Birindelli et al. (2025), citing Melo et al. (2025) |
| Marine | 2,150 | Birindelli et al. (2025), citing Carvalho-Filho (2024) and Melo et al. (2025) |
| National total | About 5,000 | Rounded estimate used by Birindelli et al. (2025) |
Brazil’s freshwater diversity spans major systems such as the Amazon, São Francisco, and Paraná–Paraguay basins. Some freshwater fish have ranges limited to a single drainage system, so a species found in one basin may not occur in another. Marine diversity is also still being documented as researchers explore coastal and deep-sea habitats.
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Why can the number change?
A national species count is a snapshot of taxonomic knowledge, not a permanent total. New descriptions add recognized species, while taxonomic revisions can change how known fish are classified or counted. The Brazilian Taxonomic Catalog of Fauna is a versioned national checklist; its resource page identifies version 1.52, published June 1, 2026, and says it is updated monthly. Consult the Brazilian Taxonomic Catalog of Fauna for the checklist resource.
The 2025 CARDUME paper also describes ongoing discovery and revision in both freshwater and marine settings. As a result, any figure is most informative when paired with its source and date.
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Species counts are not specimen or occurrence counts
Species are distinct kinds of fish; specimens and occurrence records are evidence that researchers collected or observed organisms. They are different measures and cannot be substituted for a species total.
In its survey of Brazilian scientific fish collections, Birindelli et al. (2025) reports 8,502,992 catalogued specimens in 906,890 lots, plus an estimated backlog of about 1.3 million uncatalogued specimens. Those figures describe collection holdings, not the number of fish species in Brazil.
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