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Breeding

Rare Footage Reveals Deep-Sea Creatures in Vanuatu’s Sunken Kuwae Crater

A month-long Vanuatu expedition used submersibles and baited cameras to film rare deep-sea animals inside the warm, sulphurous crater of the active Kuwae volcano.

By Animalso Team 3 min read
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National Geographic Pristine Seas cameras and a crewed submersible documented an unusual community inside Kuwae, an active submarine-volcano crater near Tongoa in Vanuatu. The month-long expedition reached 1,250 metres, recording animals from the prehistoric-looking Vanuatu nautilus and loveheart squid to sixgill sharks, oilfish, king crabs and dense shrimp swarms in warm, sulphur-rich water.

What the expedition found

The National Geographic Pristine Seas team surveyed Vanuatu for about one month, moving from shallow reefs to offshore and deep-water habitats. Near Tongoa, the Argonauta submersible entered Kuwae’s sunken crater, where warm water and bubbling sulphurous vents produce unusually challenging chemical conditions.

Remote cameras continued working in near-total darkness. At about 1,000 metres, bait attracted a king crab that approached and interacted with the equipment while deep-sea shrimp gathered around it. That close-range view captured feeding and scavenging activity rather than an animal simply passing through the frame.

Which animals were recorded?

Animal Where or how it was observed
Vanuatu nautilus Recorded at roughly 300–400 metres; its appearance was described as prehistoric-looking.
Oilfish A large oilfish appeared in the Kuwae-crater camera footage.
Bluntnose sixgill shark Recorded by the crater cameras.
Loveheart squid Recorded by the crater cameras; the species is rarely observed directly.
King crab (Lithodes sp.) At about 1,000 metres, one interacted with baited camera equipment.
Deep-sea shrimp (Heterocarpus sp.) Swarmed around the bait and crab at the same deep-water station.
Two-spot red snapper (Lutjanus bohar) Documented during the wider Vanuatu survey.
Prickly shark (Echinorhinus cookei) Documented during the wider survey.
Sixgill stingray (Hexatrygon bickelli) Documented during the wider survey.
Gulper sharks (Centrophorus sp.) Documented during the wider survey.
Duck-billed eels (Nettastoma sp.) Documented during the wider survey.
Grey cutthroat eel (Synaphobranchus affinis) Documented during the wider survey.

The reports identify these animals; they do not claim that the footage represents newly discovered species. Words such as “mysterious,” “alien-like” and “prehistoric-looking” describe their appearance or rarity in ordinary observation.

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How deep did the Vanuatu cameras go?

The expedition’s maximum reported survey depth was 1,250 metres, according to a 2025 Discover Wildlife account. The Vanuatu nautilus was reported at approximately 300–400 metres, while the king-crab and shrimp interaction occurred around 1,000 metres.

How the team observed the animals

  • Scuba surveys: Used on shallow reefs.
  • Remote camera systems: Baited units filmed animals in dark deep water and recorded the crab–shrimp encounter.
  • Argonauta submersible: Took scientists into Kuwae’s crater and other deep habitats.

Why Kuwae’s crater is scientifically important

Kuwae combines volcanic geology with warm, sulphur-rich water. That makes it different from an ordinary deep seafloor and shows that animal communities can persist around chemically extreme submarine volcanic features.

Habitat or observation Depth and conditions Main energy or evidence source Observation method
Shallow Vanuatu reef Sunlit, shallow water Photosynthesis-based reef food webs Scuba surveys
Deep offshore station About 1,000 metres; near-total darkness Detritus and bait attracting scavengers and predators Baited remote camera
Kuwae crater Sunken volcanic crater with warm, bubbling sulphurous vents Food resources available within a chemically unusual volcanic setting Remote cameras and the Argonauta submersible

The available reports support these contrasts but do not provide a numerical biodiversity comparison between Kuwae and other Vanuatu sites. The findings instead broaden the conservation picture: decisions based only on shallow reefs could overlook offshore and deep communities.

Is the Vanuatu nautilus a “living fossil”?

The expedition reports call the animal prehistoric-looking, but they do not establish “living fossil” as a formal scientific finding from this survey. The footage identifies a Vanuatu nautilus observed at 300–400 metres; it does not announce a new species or prove that the animal is unchanged from ancient ancestors.

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Can you watch the complete National Geographic footage?

National Geographic Pristine Seas is an exploration, research, media and conservation program, and its official program information describes documentary production and distribution partnerships. However, the available reporting does not establish a public full-video URL or confirm a current streaming listing for this exact Vanuatu expedition. Short clips or later programming may be distributed separately, so a listing should be checked by title, territory and date rather than assumed from the expedition’s publicity.

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What this footage changes about deep-sea exploration

Direct observation remains rare at these depths. A month-long survey that combined scuba, baited cameras and a submersible linked shallow reefs with habitats more than a kilometre down, revealing both conspicuous predators and small scavengers responding to bait. Kuwae demonstrates why conservation planning needs to include volcanic seafloor, offshore waters and deep habitats alongside familiar coastal ecosystems.

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