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A free scan shows the junk files, broken settings and background clutter dragging Windows down - then fixes them in one click.Free scan · Windows 10 & 11Badjcinus timfaulkneri was the late-Oligocene thylacinid whose exceptionally robust jaw is inferred to have been capable of crunching prey bones and teeth. It was not established as the direct ancestor of the modern Tasmanian tiger: that ancestry claim belongs to the smaller predator Nimbacinus peterbridgei.
What was the bone-crushing animal called?
Badjcinus timfaulkneri was one of three thylacinid species announced from fossils at the Riversleigh World Heritage Area in Waanyi country, north-west Queensland, in 2024. The fossils date to roughly 25–23 million years ago, during the late Oligocene.
Study lead author Tim Churchill said the animal’s jaw, like that of a Tasmanian devil, “could easily crunch through the bones and teeth of its prey.” That conclusion comes from the shape and strength of its jaws and teeth, not from a fossil stomach, coprolite or directly observed feeding trace.
Did it really eat an entire animal?
“Ate all of its prey” is a vivid shorthand, not a literal observation of every meal. The anatomy indicates that Badjcinus could process very hard material, including bones and teeth, and therefore may have consumed more of a carcass than a predator restricted to soft tissue. Scientists have not demonstrated that it routinely swallowed every part of every animal.
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What the fossils can and cannot show
- Supported: a powerful, unusually robust jaw consistent with bone-crushing.
- Not directly demonstrated: a particular meal, feeding event or complete carcass consumed.
- Why the caution matters: most thylacinid fossils are isolated jaws and teeth, so diet and body size are reconstructed from anatomy.
The Natural History Museum describes the thylacinid fossil record as rare and incomplete, which limits how confidently researchers can reconstruct behavior.
Was Badjcinus the direct ancestor of the Tasmanian tiger?
No direct ancestral link has been established for Badjcinus timfaulkneri. The 2024 study instead identified Nimbacinus peterbridgei as the probable oldest direct ancestor yet known of the modern thylacine (Thylacinus).
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These are related branches of the same broader family, but “bone-crushing species” and “direct ancestor” describe different scientific conclusions.
How the three new thylacinids differed
| Species | Estimated mass | Jaw and teeth | Inferred niche | Direct-ancestry evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Badjcinus timfaulkneri | 7–11 kg, approximately the size of a large Tasmanian devil | Heavy, robust jaw suited to crushing hard material | Powerful carnivore capable of crunching prey bones and teeth | Not established as the direct ancestor of Thylacinus |
| Nimbacinus peterbridgei | About 3.7 kg | More generalised predator anatomy | Probably hunted small mammals and other animals in Riversleigh’s forests | Its lineage appears to lead directly to Thylacinus; probably the oldest direct ancestor known |
| Ngamalacinus nigelmarveni | Around 5.1 kg | Elongated lower-molar blades with deep, V-shaped carnassial notches | Specialised meat cutter; the strongest comparable cutting adaptation among similarly sized thylacinids in the study | Not identified as the direct ancestor |
Why the ancestor candidate was a different species
Nimbacinus peterbridgei was smaller and less specialised than Badjcinus. Researchers describe it as a generalised predator that probably concentrated on small mammals and other forest prey. Its combination of features and its position in the fossil record make its lineage the one that appears to continue into Thylacinus.
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That distinction also explains why the headline can be misleading: the species with the strongest evidence for bone-crushing is not the species with the strongest evidence for direct ancestry.
Where these animals fit in thylacine history
The three species lived tens of millions of years before the familiar striped Tasmanian tiger. All but the lineage leading to the modern thylacine had disappeared by about 8 million years ago, according to the 2024 UNSW Sydney account.
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The last known thylacine, an animal called Benjamin, died at Hobart’s Beaumaris Zoo on 7 September 1936. That extinction was vastly later than the disappearance of most other thylacinid branches.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What “highly carnivorous” means here
UNSW co-author Sue Hand called the animal represented by these fossils “a highly carnivorous Thylacine.” In context, the phrase refers to the family’s predatory adaptations. It does not mean that every thylacinid used the same feeding method: the fossils show a range from the crushing jaws of Badjcinus, to the generalised predation of Nimbacinus, to the slicing molars of Ngamalacinus.
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