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Entry 439Filed under Breeding

After a Century, Camera Traps Record Lowland Tapir Calf in Rio de Janeiro’s Atlantic Forest

Camera traps at Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve recorded the eighth reported lowland tapir calf there in 2025. The footage documents reproduction in a reintroduced population, not a newly discovered wild population.
5-minute read By Animalso Team
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Camera traps at Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve in Rio de Janeiro recorded the reserve’s eighth reported lowland tapir calf in 2025. This is evidence of reproduction in a reintroduced population—not the discovery of a wild remnant population: tapirs began returning to the state through a managed project in 2017.

The footage is an encouraging sign that reintroduced tapirs are reproducing in the Atlantic Forest, but a calf video alone cannot establish the population’s long-term viability. Here is what is known about the project, the monitoring, and what the records do—and do not—show.

What the camera traps recorded

Refauna camera traps recorded footage of a calf born at Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve (REGUA), in Rio de Janeiro state. In a September 2025 update, REGUA reported that it was the eighth calf there. The calf was born to Jasmim and Valente; Jasmim had previously given birth to four calves since her own reintroduction in 2020.

The reserve described the calf as part of the second generation of tapirs born in Rio de Janeiro. The footage was captured along trails in the upper part of the reserve. It documents reproduction within the reintroduction project, not an unrecorded population discovered in another park.

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Why the “after a century” framing needs context

Lowland tapirs had been absent from confirmed records in Rio de Janeiro state for more than a century. REGUA identifies the last confirmed state record as dating to 1914, in Serra dos Órgãos National Park.

The return began as a conservation intervention. Refauna started reintroducing tapirs to Guapiaçu in 2017. A peer-reviewed account reports that 14 captive-born tapirs were reintroduced between 2017 and 2021. The new calf is therefore evidence that animals in this managed population are reproducing, rather than proof that tapirs independently recolonized the state.

How the reintroduction works

The Oryx study describes a soft-release process. Selected captive-born tapirs were health-screened and gradually acclimatized in an enclosure before release. They received supplemental food while learning to forage in the forest.

Researchers used camera traps to monitor animals during acclimatization and after release. In the study, tapirs reduced the proportion of their activity that occurred during the day without reducing their overall daily activity. Activity patterns also differed between acclimatization and post-release, and between dry and wet seasons; the study found no difference by sex. Over the reintroduction period, behavior increasingly resembled that of wild populations. These are behavioral findings, not by themselves proof of long-term population viability.

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What the project numbers mean

Population figures refer to different snapshots and sources, so they should not be treated as interchangeable. The Oryx study reports the number reintroduced during 2017–2021; the IUCN Save Our Species project page provides a later project-reported figure for animals in the park and surrounding areas.

Figure What it describes Source and date
14 tapirs Individuals reintroduced between 2017 and 2021 Oryx study authors, 2025
20 tapirs across more than 4,000 hectares Project-page snapshot of animals roaming the park and surrounding areas; not an independently verified current census IUCN Save Our Species project page, accessed October 2026; publication date not stated
Eight calves Calves reported at Guapiaçu by September 2025 REGUA, 2025

The figures describe different points in the project and have different evidentiary limits. Do not read them as a current census or as a single population trend.

Why tapirs matter to the forest

The lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) is a large herbivorous mammal native to South America. It eats fruit and other plant material and can carry seeds through the forest in its dung. The Oryx study classifies the species as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and notes that it has disappeared from many parts of its broader range.

REGUA attributes the tapir’s earlier local extinction in Rio de Janeiro mainly to hunting and habitat loss. Reintroduction can restore an animal’s presence, but lasting recovery also depends on habitat, protection, reproduction, and continued monitoring.

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What the monitoring can—and cannot—tell us

Camera traps provide repeated observations without requiring researchers to be present every time an animal passes. In the Guapiaçu project, cameras monitored the tapirs’ behavior before and after release, and later recorded the calf footage.

A broader Atlantic Forest restoration project used 53 camera traps on 12 partner properties over 19 months. It recorded 29 mammal species over 6,917 trap-nights, including a family of reintroduced tapirs with a calf. The International Institute for Sustainability project results describe these records as useful for evaluating restoration and functional connectivity in forest fragments.

Such monitoring can document animal presence, activity, and reproduction at observed locations. It cannot, from a single video or a set of detections alone, establish a complete population count, genetic health, or the likelihood that the population will persist over the long term.

What comes next for Rio’s tapirs

The second generation of tapirs born at Guapiaçu is a meaningful milestone. Refauna Project President Maron Galliez said the birth showed that reintroduced animals had adapted and were reproducing, while describing long-term viability as likely. That is the project’s interpretation, not a substitute for continued demographic monitoring.

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Further monitoring is needed to understand survival, reproduction, movement between forest areas, and how the population changes over time. The available sources establish successful reproduction and behavioral adjustment, but do not provide a comparative dataset for judging this project against other reintroductions.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Are tapirs back in Rio de Janeiro after a century?

Yes, through a managed reintroduction at Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve that began in 2017. The camera footage of a 2025 calf documents reproduction in that reintroduced population, not a newly discovered remnant population.

Where was the calf filmed?

Refauna camera traps recorded the calf along trails in the upper part of Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve in Rio de Janeiro state.

How many tapirs were reintroduced?

The Oryx study reports that 14 captive-born tapirs were reintroduced between 2017 and 2021. A separate IUCN Save Our Species project-page snapshot reports 20 tapirs across more than 4,000 hectares, but that is not an independently verified current census.

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Does the calf prove the population is secure?

No. The calf is encouraging evidence of reproduction, but a single camera-trap video cannot establish long-term viability. Continued monitoring is needed to assess the population over time.

Why were there no confirmed tapir records in Rio for so long?

REGUA attributes the earlier local extinction mainly to hunting and habitat loss. It identifies the last confirmed state record as dating to 1914, in Serra dos Órgãos National Park.

The Bottom Line

Camera traps recorded the eighth tapir calf reported at Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve by September 2025. The footage is a hopeful milestone in a reintroduction that began in 2017 after more than a century without confirmed tapir records in Rio de Janeiro state. It shows reproduction in the managed population; continued monitoring will be needed to determine whether it can persist in the long term.

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