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How to read “British” in a cat breed name
- Developed in Britain: The British Shorthair and British Longhair. Their ancestry runs through ordinary domestic cats living in Britain, shaped by deliberate breeding.
- Tied to a UK region: The Manx (Isle of Man), the Cornish Rex and Devon Rex (both named for English counties), and the Scottish Fold (Scotland).
- Established in Britain after arriving from elsewhere: The Burmese, whose roots are in Southeast Asia, and the Selkirk Rex, whose first cat arrived in the UK in 2002 rather than originating there.
Registry names and groupings also differ. The Scottish Fold and the Cornish Rex, for example, are described in US-based CFA and TICA profiles as well as in UK sources, so the dates and foundation stories below are attributed to the organization that published them.
At a glance
| Breed | Type of UK link | Key documented date | Visual identifier |
|---|---|---|---|
| British Shorthair | Developed in Britain | First UK cat show, Crystal Palace, 13 July 1871 | Shorthair coat |
| British Longhair | Developed in Britain | Name officially recognized 2017 (GCCF) | Longer coat than the British Shorthair |
| Scottish Fold | Scotland | 1961, Tayside (CFA) | Folded ears |
| Cornish Rex | Cornwall, England | 1950 (CFA and TICA) | Short, wavy coat and slender build |
| Devon Rex | Devon, England | 1960 (TICA) | Large ears, short wavy coat, expressive face |
| Manx | Isle of Man | Olympia exhibit 1885; first standard 1903 (GCCF) | Short or absent tail |
| Selkirk Rex | Recognized and developed in the UK; origin outside Britain | UK arrival 2002; Championship June 2009 (GCCF) | Curls or waves throughout the coat |
| Burmese | Established in Britain; origin in Southeast Asia | Recognized by GCCF 1952 | Not described in the cited GCCF profile |
The breeds
British Shorthair and British Longhair
The Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) describes the first UK cat show, held at Crystal Palace in London on 13 July 1871, as featuring “English Shorthair cats.” GCCF traces the breed to everyday shorthaired cats that probably descended from European domestic cats brought to Britain by the Romans. It credits Harrison Weir with shaping a distinct type through selective breeding.
The breed suffered heavy losses during both world wars. After the Second World War, breeders used outcrosses to rebuild numbers, including Russian Blue, Burmese, Chartreux, and Persian. The Persian contribution introduced the longhair gene, which is the source of the British Longhair. GCCF states that the name British Longhair was officially recognized in 2017, and that Championship status followed in November 2021.
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The Cat Fancy’s TICA profile tells the early story differently. TICA says the ancestors included cats that traders imported from Egypt and that accompanied the Romans to Britain. The two accounts are not the same, and neither is settled archaeological fact, so the origin story should be presented as each registry’s account.
GCCF describes the British as calm and easygoing, and says the breed matures slowly. Those are tendencies for the breed, not predictions for any single cat.
Scottish Fold
The Cat Fanciers’ Association (CFA) dates the breed to 1961, when a shepherd named William Ross noticed a white female with folded ears, called Susie, in Tayside, Scotland. Susie’s daughter, Snooks, became a foundation queen. Later matings brought in domestic cats and British Shorthairs. CFA attributes the folded-ear trait to a dominant spontaneous mutation.
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The registry recognizes both folded-eared and straight-eared cats, as well as longhaired and shorthaired divisions. The folded ear is the breed’s signature, but the ear shape is an inherited trait with welfare implications that this guide does not assess. Ask a veterinarian about current guidance before choosing a cat with folded ears.
Cornish Rex
CFA dates the coat mutation to Cornwall in 1950. A curly-coated cream male kitten named Kallibunker appeared in a litter on Nina Ennismore’s farm. After consulting a veterinarian and a geneticist, the breeder bred Kallibunker back to his mother. Later breedings with Burmese, Siamese, and British Shorthair cats helped establish the breed. TICA also dates the foundation to a litter born on 21 July 1950.
The breed’s short, wavy coat and slender build are its most recognizable features. TICA describes Cornish Rex cats as social and playful and mentions that some enjoy fetch, which is a description of the breed’s typical energy rather than a guarantee.
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Devon Rex
TICA identifies Buckfastleigh, Devon, as the breed’s ancestral home. In 1960, a tortie-and-white stray cared for by Beryl Cox had kittens sired by a curly-coated feral tom. Cox kept a brownish-black curly male from the litter and named him Kirlee. TICA notes that the Devon Rex coat mutation differs from the one behind the Cornish Rex.
The large ears, short wavy coat, and expressive face are the quickest identifiers. TICA describes Devon Rex cats as active and social, and says many enjoy toys.
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GCCF locates the Manx on the Isle of Man and attributes its short or absent tail to a naturally occurring mutation that likely spread through the island’s cat population. The exact date cats first reached the island is not known. GCCF separates this uncertainty from popular legends about Noah’s Ark, rabbits, Vikings, and Irish soldiers, and those stories should be read as folklore.
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The breed was among the early show cats. GCCF records an exhibit at Olympia in 1885 and the first breed standard in 1903. GCCF describes the Manx as sociable, intelligent, and playful.
Selkirk Rex
GCCF describes the first Selkirk Rex as having a well-documented origin, and says the breed was developed through matings with Persian, Exotic Shorthair, and British Shorthair cats. It comes in longhaired and shorthaired versions, with curls or waves throughout the coat. GCCF records the breed’s arrival in the UK in 2002, preliminary recognition in 2004, and Championship status in June 2009.
The curly, plush coat is the quick visual cue. GCCF notes that the longhaired variety needs regular, careful grooming. Care needs vary from cat to cat, so the registry’s note should be read as a general guideline.
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Burmese
Burmese appear in GCCF’s breed listings, but GCCF places their roots in Southeast Asia, especially Burma (Myanmar), Thailand, and Malaya. Cats were imported into England in the late nineteenth century, and GCCF recognized the breed in 1952. The Burmese therefore belongs in a British list as an established breed, not as a breed that originated in Britain.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Comparing coat, size and temperament
Registry summaries give a useful starting point for comparing these breeds. GCCF’s breed overview lists size, coat, maintenance, lifespan, temperament, and colour for each breed. Those summaries describe the breed as a whole, and they cannot predict the personality, health, or grooming needs of an individual cat.
- Calm and steady: British Shorthair and British Longhair, according to GCCF.
- Active and social: Cornish Rex and Devon Rex, according to TICA. Manx is described as sociable, intelligent, and playful by GCCF.
- Grooming: Selkirk Rex longhairs need regular, careful grooming according to GCCF. Other breeds’ grooming needs are not discussed in the sources used here.
Traits linked to inherited mutations
Several of these breeds are known for a striking look that comes from a specific inherited mutation: folded ears in the Scottish Fold, curly or wavy coats in the Cornish Rex, Devon Rex, and Selkirk Rex, and the missing tail in the Manx. The mutations are part of each breed’s story, but a striking appearance alone is not a reason to choose or breed a particular cat. Visual traits can come with health and welfare considerations that a breed profile does not settle.
Where to read more
The breed histories above come from the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF), the Cat Fanciers’ Association (CFA), and The International Cat Association (TICA). For regular registration information, GCCF publishes an annual report of registered cats by breed, though the figures are not used here.
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