A cataract is clouding of the lens inside a cat’s eye. It may have little effect on sight when small, but a more extensive cataract can impair vision or cause blindness in that eye. Because other conditions can also make an eye look cloudy, only a veterinary examination can confirm the cause. There is no proven eye drop or supplement that reverses a cataract; a veterinary ophthalmologist can determine whether surgery is appropriate.
What causes cataracts in cats?
The lens focuses incoming light onto the retina. A cataract is an opacity in that lens: the more of the lens affected, the more light may be blocked and the more vision may be reduced. Cataracts can occur in one or both eyes.
Cornell’s feline health overview lists aging and metabolic problems among possible causes. In cats, cataracts may also be associated in rare cases with diabetes or hypertension. Injury to the lens and exposure to certain drugs or harmful substances, radiation, or electric shock are other possible causes. In many cases, the cause is unknown. These are feline-specific possibilities; diabetes should not be assumed to be the usual cause of cataracts in cats.
If a veterinarian identifies an associated condition such as diabetes or hypertension, follow their guidance for treating it. Managing the underlying disease may help slow cataract progression in some cases, but it does not clear an existing cataract.
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What are the symptoms of cataracts in cats?
A cloudy-looking eye may be the first visible clue, but changes in behavior can be easier to notice. A cat with reduced vision may:
- Bump into familiar furniture or move less confidently.
- Have trouble finding its food bowl or litter box.
- Avoid unfamiliar areas or seem hesitant in new surroundings.
- Move cautiously on stairs or show reduced agility.
Any unusual eye change, visible cloudiness, or behavior suggesting a change in vision warrants a veterinary appointment. These signs indicate an eye or vision problem, but they do not establish that the cause is a cataract.
Does a cloudy eye always mean a cataract?
No. Age-related nuclear sclerosis can give the lens a blue-gray or hazy appearance even though it remains transparent and sight is usually not significantly affected. A cataract is a true opacity of the lens. The American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO) explains this distinction in its overview of the eye lens and cataracts.
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A photograph or visual inspection at home cannot reliably distinguish these conditions. A veterinarian examines the eye and may refer the cat to a veterinary ophthalmologist, a specialist in animal eye disease. A specialist examination can include checks such as measuring tear production and eye pressure, dilating the pupil, and additional tests as needed; the specific evaluation depends on the cat.
How are cataracts in cats treated?
Treatment depends on the diagnosis, how much vision is affected, the cause, and the cat’s general and eye health. A veterinarian may recommend monitoring and managing an associated illness when appropriate. For a suitable candidate, a veterinary ophthalmologist may recommend surgery to remove the opaque lens material using phacoemulsification; an artificial lens is usually implanted. The specialist assesses whether the eye and the cat’s overall health make surgery worthwhile and whether useful vision is likely to be restored.
The available sources do not establish a feline surgical success percentage. Outcome figures and cost information on Cornell’s ophthalmology service page are dog-specific and should not be applied to cats.
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Can cataracts in cats be treated with eye drops?
No proven medical treatment is known to reverse or slow cataract progression or prevent cataracts from forming. The ACVO also warns that some promoted agents can worsen cataracts. Do not use over-the-counter drops, supplements, or home remedies as cataract treatment or as a substitute for an examination. Ask a veterinarian before putting any product in your cat’s eye.
How can you help a cat with impaired vision at home?
Keep the environment predictable. Cornell recommends keeping the food bowl and litter box in precisely the same locations. Avoid moving familiar resources unnecessarily, and make a veterinary appointment if you notice cloudiness, other unusual eye changes, or behavior that suggests your cat’s vision has changed.
If cataracts are suspected or confirmed, ask your veterinarian whether referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist is appropriate. The ACVO’s specialist referral information can help owners understand how to find an ophthalmologist; referral options and availability vary by location.
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