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Entry 413Filed under Breeding

Does Water Temperature Affect Fish Growth?

Water temperature can help or hinder fish growth. Learn why growth has a species-specific optimum and how to choose a safe target for your fish.
3-minute read By Animalso Team
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Yes. Water temperature affects fish growth by changing body temperature, appetite and metabolism. Growth often improves as water warms toward a species- and life-stage-specific optimum, then falls when it gets too warm. There is no single best temperature for all fish, so use a reliable target for your fish rather than raising the temperature to encourage growth.

How temperature changes fish growth

Fish are ectothermic: their body temperature changes with the surrounding water. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) explains that fish growth and activity depend on body temperature. Temperature also influences food intake and metabolic rate, which affect how much energy remains for growth after basic maintenance needs are met.

In a suitable temperature range, a fish may eat enough to use some of its food energy for growth. At colder temperatures, appetite and growth can slow. As temperature rises beyond the fish’s optimum, performance can decline rather than improve. The FAO describes the optimal range as one in which metabolic rates and the likelihood of eating beyond maintenance needs are high: FAO fisheries guidance on fish growth.

Why there is no universal best temperature

Each species has its own preferred range, growth optimum and upper and lower tolerance limits. These ranges can also vary with life stage. A temperature that supports good growth in one species—or in juvenile fish—may not suit another species or adult fish.

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The best temperature can depend on what is being measured, too. The temperature that maximizes growth may differ from the one that optimizes feed conversion or survival. For that reason, do not use a published number for another species as a target for your fish. FAO guidance describes species-specific temperature ranges and explains that low temperatures can reduce food intake and growth in juvenile and adult fish: FAO training guidance on fish temperature.

What studies show about different fish

These examples illustrate why growth responses are species-specific. They are experimental results, not general aquarium temperature recommendations.

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Fish and source Reported result What the result means
Juvenile Black Sea flounder; 84-day trial reported in the Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (2012) Fish were tested at 13, 17, 21 and 25 °C. Growth was highest at 21 °C; estimated optima were 20.9 °C for growth and 20.2 °C for feed conversion. The optimum differed slightly depending on whether the outcome was growth or feed conversion. Study details.
Lake Sturgeon; North American Journal of Aquaculture (2019) Specific growth rates at 12.0, 17.0, 21.6 and 26.8 °C were 0.50, 1.42, 2.01 and 1.75 mm/day, respectively. Growth rose across the lower tested temperatures, then was lower at the warmest tested temperature than at 21.6 °C. Study details.
Rohu carp; Aquaculture Reports (2024) Among the tested treatments, best growth and survival occurred at 30 °C, while the lowest growth and survival occurred at 34 °C. The study reports optimal production performance around 28–30 °C under its conditions. The reported range applies to that experiment and its conditions; it is not a target for unrelated fish. Study details.
Chinook salmon parr; Alaska Department of Fish and Game summary (2001) Cited growth increased from 10.0 to 15.7 °C and decreased above 15.7 °C. The pattern shows growth rising toward an optimum and falling beyond it. Department summary.
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How to choose and manage a temperature

  1. Measure the water. Use an aquarium thermometer to check the actual water temperature; do not rely only on a heater’s dial or the room temperature.
  2. Check a species-specific reference. Compare your reading with reliable care guidance for the exact species and life stage. Make sure the recommendation matches your goal: growth, feeding, feed conversion or general welfare.
  3. Make changes gradually. Avoid abrupt temperature shifts. If adjustment is needed, change the temperature slowly and monitor the fish’s response.
  4. Watch oxygen and feeding. Temperature changes affect oxygen demand as well as appetite. Monitor dissolved oxygen where possible and observe whether the fish are eating normally.
  5. Use temperature-control equipment appropriately. A thermostatic heater or controller can help maintain a chosen range, but the target must come from species-specific husbandry guidance. Check that the thermometer or controller probe measures representative water, not a misleading spot near the heater.

What to avoid

  • Do not assume warmer water always means faster growth; growth can decline above the optimum.
  • Do not transfer a temperature reported for flounder, sturgeon, Rohu or salmon to an unrelated aquarium fish.
  • Do not chase a growth target without considering life stage, feeding, oxygen and temperature stability.

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