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Why Day tried to bring trout to the Nilgiris
Francis Day began developing the project after visiting the Nilgiri Hills in 1863. He surveyed local streams and considered them suitable for trout. The obstacle was getting eggs there alive: according to Herjinder’s 2021 account, Day knew eggs might hatch within 14 days, while the sea journey from England took at least 40 days, before the further rail and road journey to Ooty.
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Day pursued the plan with official backing. Madras Governor Sir William Denison directed him to pisciculture advocate James Youl in England. Day saw Youl’s ice-treated ova surviving at reported ages of 93 and 143 days, then prepared a proposal to stock Nilgiri streams. Herjinder’s account says the Madras government granted £60 for the project by November 1865.
How the eggs travelled from Hampshire to Ooty
On 18 January 1866, Day and Frank Buckland collected about 6,000 trout eggs at Laverstoke Park near Micheldever, Hampshire. Herjinder reports that the eggs were packed in six specially supplied pine boxes lined with charcoal and perforated for ventilation, then held in a refrigeration room.
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The shipment went by sea aboard the SS Mongolia to Alexandria, by train across Egypt to Suez, and then by sea aboard the SS Bengal to Madras, where it arrived on 12 March. From there the eggs travelled by rail to Coimbatore and roughly 80 kilometres overland to Ooty, carried in relays by bearers.
Herjinder’s account estimates that 10 to 20 percent of the eggs were dead when they arrived in Ooty. That reported loss means the shipment had endured a difficult journey, but it does not support the claim that all the eggs died in transit.
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What destroyed the eggs
A masonry hatching house had been built in the Government Garden at Ooty. On 31 March 1866, a violent thunderstorm sent silt and insects into the stream supplying the hatchery. The insects ate the eggs, undoing the project at the hatching stage.
The account’s chronology separates two different risks: keeping eggs viable over a long, cold journey, and protecting them once they reached the hatchery. The reported transport mortality was limited; the immediate reported cause of failure was the storm-driven contamination of the hatchery water and subsequent insect predation. The available account does not establish whether a different hatchery design would have prevented the loss.
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Was this the end of trout introductions in India?
No. The institutional fisheries chronology describes Day’s Nilgiri introduction as unsuccessful, but records a later successful introduction of brown trout eggs at Harwan hatchery in Jammu and Kashmir in 1900. The 1866 failure was an early setback, not the end of efforts to establish trout in India.
The detailed route, dates, egg count, mortality estimate and storm account are reported in Herjinder’s 2021 Scroll.in excerpt from A Fish in Alien Streams: The Incredible Journey of the Trout in India. The broad failure and later chronology are also described in an institutional fisheries-history source. These granular details are reported figures from the modern account, rather than independently verified measurements from a located contemporary dataset.
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