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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesA veterinary neurologist at the University of Guelph’s Ontario Veterinary College, Fiona James, DVM, MSc, DVSc, Dip. ACVIM (Neurology), and her team are adapting electroencephalography (EEG), the brain-wave test long used in human epilepsy care, for dogs. Their work is still in the study stage. It includes three-dimensional dog skull models to work out where sensors should go and a wireless backpack that lets awake dogs be recorded at home for up to 48 hours. According to AAHA Trends (April 16, 2026), the goal is to identify seizures more accurately and to learn where they start and what causes them. The reporting does not show that this at-home setup is widely available or that it is routine clinical care.
What EEG measures and why it matters for dogs
An EEG records the brain’s electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp. In people it is considered the standard tool for confirming seizures and locating where they begin. Veterinary neurologists have wanted the same kind of evidence in dogs, because many canine seizures are hard to classify by observation alone. AAHA reports that James and colleagues are studying EEG in dogs to identify seizures, localize their origin, and investigate possible causes.
How canine epilepsy is diagnosed today
Canine epilepsy is usually diagnosed by taking a careful seizure history and ruling out other possible causes. There is no single test that proves the condition. A 2025 review in Frontiers in Veterinary Science (published January 7, 2025) describes a tiered framework that raises diagnostic confidence step by step:
| Confidence tier | What is added | What it establishes |
|---|---|---|
| Tier I | Recurrent seizures at least 24 hours apart; onset roughly between 6 months and 6 years of age; normal neurological examination between seizures; unremarkable baseline blood and urine analyses | A clinical pattern consistent with idiopathic epilepsy |
| Tier II | Additional tests, including MRI and other analyses, to exclude alternative causes | Other causes of seizures have been investigated and not found |
| Tier III | Evidence of seizure activity on EEG | The highest stated diagnostic confidence in the framework |
The review presents these tiers as a way of describing confidence, not as a checklist that every clinic follows. Most dogs will be assessed against the early tiers first, and EEG is the step that adds direct electrical evidence.
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Why human EEG methods cannot simply be copied to dogs
Human EEG placement conventions assume a skull shape that does not describe every dog. Skull shape varies widely across breeds, so the positions that work for a human head may leave some areas of the canine cortex poorly covered. AAHA attributes earlier limits in canine EEG partly to this breed-related variation. James’s team used three-dimensional dog skull models to determine sensor placement.
The 2025 review independently notes that veterinary electrode placement is still being verified for adequate coverage of the superficial cortex. In other words, the placement method is an active part of the work, not a settled standard.
Recording at home: the backpack and the 48-hour window
The most distinctive part of the project is how dogs are recorded. According to AAHA, the team built a backpack to carry wireless EEG equipment, so an awake dog can be monitored at home for up to 48 hours instead of only during a hospital visit. This is a project design described in AAHA’s report. It is not an off-the-shelf consumer product, and the reporting does not name a commercial device.
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A recording of this kind can be informative even when no seizure occurs during the window. AAHA reports that interictal activity, meaning electrical patterns between seizures, may still suggest epilepsy. The word “may” matters here: a normal-looking recording does not rule epilepsy out, and an abnormal one does not by itself confirm a diagnosis.
What an EEG can add, and what it can miss
Better identification of subtle seizures
AAHA says EEG may help detect non-generalized or subclinical seizures, the kind that do not look like an obvious full-body convulsion. AAHA states that these presentations account for about one-third of canine epilepsy cases. That figure comes from AAHA’s feature, which does not identify the original study behind it, so treat it as AAHA’s reported estimate rather than an independently verified population statistic.
Limits of a single recording
The 2025 review notes that a recording may fail to capture an event, especially when seizures are infrequent. Long recordings improve the odds, but they do not guarantee that a seizure will be captured. A negative recording also does not rule epilepsy out.
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Prospective benefits, not proven outcomes
James says EEG information could improve understanding of seizures and eventually support more targeted treatment, including medication or surgery. That is a hoped-for benefit. The AAHA report does not show improved treatment outcomes, and the team’s work is not described as an established treatment pathway.
Related imaging research
EEG is part of a broader effort to bring tools from human neurology into veterinary care. Several approaches are being explored, but they are at different stages:
- Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI): an MRI sequence used in human medicine to examine microstructural features of brain tissue. The 2025 Frontiers in Veterinary Science review says it could be used to study white-matter abnormalities and differences in treatment response in dogs, but describes canine DTI work as early-stage.
- Semiautomatic temporal-lobe volumetry: a 2024 study indexed in PubMed measured temporal-lobe volume in 31 dogs with assumed idiopathic epilepsy and temporal-lobe EEG discharges. It shows that the method has been applied in dogs; it does not establish a standard diagnostic workflow.
- Advanced MRI techniques: a 2024 mini-review in Frontiers in Veterinary Science surveys methods under consideration for canine idiopathic epilepsy. These are research approaches, not clinically validated tests.
A 2023 expert-panel review in The Veterinary Journal argues that knowledge shared between human and veterinary neurologists can advance treatment research, while also calling for more basic and clinical studies. The collaboration is a reason for optimism, not evidence that a human method works in dogs without testing.
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Comparing the diagnostic approaches
| Approach | Records seizure electrical activity directly? | Helps exclude other causes? | Needs a seizure during the measurement? | Veterinary validation and status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seizure history and examination | No | Partly, through the Tier I criteria | No | Standard starting point in the framework |
| Blood and urine analyses | No | Partly, through baseline screening | No | Part of Tier I |
| MRI and other analyses (Tier II) | No; images structure | Yes, the purpose of Tier II | No | Included in the framework; the review does not state how widely each test is used in practice |
| EEG, including home recording (Tier III) | Yes | Not its main role | Not necessarily; interictal patterns may be informative, though a seizure is not guaranteed to be captured | Under study; electrode placement still being verified |
| DTI | No; images microstructure | Not stated | Not stated | Early-stage exploration |
What this means for dog owners right now
If your dog has had seizures, the most useful steps are the ones already part of a standard veterinary workup: a careful history and the tests your veterinarian recommends to rule out other causes. The EEG work described here is a research direction, not a service most clinics can offer today.
A written record can help. Note the date and time of each episode, how long it lasted, what the dog did before and after, and whether it was awake or asleep. Bring that log to the appointment. No particular notebook or app is recommended by the sources reviewed here, and a log is a way to organize observations for your veterinarian, not a substitute for a professional evaluation.
Ask your veterinarian whether referral to a veterinary neurologist makes sense if seizures are frequent, unusual in appearance, or starting at an atypical age. Those referrals are where EEG and advanced imaging are most likely to be discussed.
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Readers who want to read the original report can find the feature in AAHA Trends, dated April 16, 2026.
This article is for general information and does not replace veterinary advice.
Summary
Fiona James’s team is testing whether EEG, adapted for dogs with skull-specific electrode placement and home recording, can detect seizures that current methods may miss. The early results are promising in the sense that they address real gaps, but the evidence does not yet show better treatment outcomes or routine availability.
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