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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteScientists have cloned animals from sheep and cattle to cats, dogs, monkeys, and an endangered ferret. Most of these experiments used somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT): the nucleus from an adult body cell is placed into an egg cell whose nucleus has been removed, and the resulting embryo is implanted into a surrogate.
That does not produce an all-purpose duplicate. A clone shares the donor’s nuclear DNA, but it can have different mitochondrial DNA, coat markings, health outcomes, personality, and behavior. The list below includes animals that were born alive after cloning by SCNT or, where noted, embryo splitting.
1. Sheep
Dolly, born on July 5, 1996, was the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell. Her nuclear DNA came from an adult Finn Dorset sheep. The egg came from a Scottish Blackface sheep, and a third sheep carried the pregnancy.
Dolly was the only live lamb produced from 277 reconstructed eggs, according to the Roslin Institute. She became a scientific milestone because her birth showed that the nucleus of a mature, specialized cell could be reset to direct the development of a complete animal.
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2. Cattle
Researchers produced cloned calves from adult somatic cells in the late 1990s. Cattle became one of the most widely studied cloning subjects because laboratories can obtain oocytes relatively readily and because valuable livestock genetics have agricultural value.
Cloned cattle have also been used in research into reproduction, disease, and genetically modified livestock. Their successful production helped establish that SCNT was not limited to sheep.
3. Mice
The mouse commonly identified as the first widely recognized somatic-cell clone was Cumulina, born in 1997 and reported the following year. Mice are especially useful in cloning research because scientists can work with defined genetic backgrounds and established embryo-transfer techniques.
Cloned mice have helped researchers study nuclear reprogramming, development, and the effects of genetic uniformity.
4. Goats
Scientists produced live cloned goats from somatic cells in 1999. Goat cloning has been investigated in agriculture and in research involving genetically modified animals.
One area of interest has been using goats whose milk contains pharmaceutical proteins. In that context, cloning is a way to reproduce a particular engineered cell line or animal genotype—not a way to recreate an animal’s learned traits.
5. Pigs
Cloned piglets were first reported in 2000. Pigs are important biomedical research animals because several aspects of their physiology resemble human physiology more closely than those of many smaller laboratory species.
Cloned pigs can also be genetically modified for research into disease and transplantation. Their use in laboratories is distinct from the commercial cloning of pets.
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6. Domestic cats
The first cloned domestic cat, CC, was born in 2001. Her name referred to “Copy Cat” or “Carbon Copy.” Although her nuclear DNA matched that of the donor, her appearance and temperament were not identical.
CC’s coat was a particularly clear reminder that cloning does not copy every visible feature. Coat patterns can be shaped by how genes are switched on during development, while personality is influenced by development and environment.
7. Rabbits
Researchers reported live cloned rabbits from adult fibroblast cells in 2002. Rabbit cloning has been explored for genetic engineering, disease models, and the preservation of useful laboratory lines.
As with other SCNT experiments, producing a live rabbit required more than simply transferring DNA: the reconstructed embryo had to develop normally and establish a pregnancy in a surrogate.
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The first cloned rats were born in 2003. Rat cloning was technically difficult and less common than mouse cloning, but it offered researchers a way to produce genetically uniform animals for biomedical studies.
Rats are valuable research models for behavior, physiology, and disease. A cloned rat can reduce genetic variation between experimental groups, although it does not eliminate differences caused by development or housing.
9. Horses
Scientists produced cloned horses using SCNT in 2003. Horse cloning has been used to reproduce valuable sport and breeding genetics.
A cloned horse inherits the donor’s nuclear genome, but not the donor’s training, experiences, fitness, or learned responses. Even two genetically matching horses can develop differently when raised, trained, or managed in different conditions.
10. Dogs
Snuppy, an Afghan hound, was born in 2005 and became the first verified dog cloned from an adult somatic cell. DNA testing confirmed that Snuppy matched the donor dog at nuclear genetic markers.
Dog cloning is unusually challenging because canine reproductive timing and egg maturation make the procedure demanding. A cloned dog is therefore not a guaranteed replacement for a particular companion: behavior, attachment, health, and appearance can still differ.
11. Red deer
In 2007, researchers produced eight cloned red-deer calves using cells derived from antler tissue. Genetic testing confirmed that the calves were identical to the donor cell lines at the markers examined.
This work demonstrated that cells associated with antler tissue could contribute to the production of healthy cloned animals, expanding the range of species and cell types studied with SCNT.
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Scientists produced cloned water buffalo in the 2000s. One published report described an inter-subspecies cloned buffalo produced using cryopreserved embryos.
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The work has relevance to buffalo breeding and conservation research. It also illustrates a practical attraction of cloning: preserved cells or embryos may retain genetic material that is difficult to reproduce through ordinary breeding.
13. Dromedary camels
Injaz, the first cloned dromedary camel, was born in April 2009 and reported in 2010. Genetic analysis using camel microsatellite markers confirmed that she originated from the donor cell line.
Cloning camels has attracted interest in preserving valuable racing and breeding genetics. Injaz’s birth showed that SCNT could be applied successfully to a large, specialized livestock species.
14. Crab-eating macaques
Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua were born in November and December 2017. They were the first primates cloned using the SCNT method used to produce Dolly.
They are crab-eating macaques, also called cynomolgus monkeys. Their achievement was significant for biomedical research, but it is important not to describe them as the first primate clones of any kind. In 1999, researchers produced Tetra, a rhesus macaque, by splitting an early embryo. Embryo splitting and SCNT are different cloning methods.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.15. Black-footed ferrets
Elizabeth Ann, born on December 10, 2020, was the first cloned black-footed ferret and the first cloned endangered species in the United States.
She was created from cells preserved in 1988 from a ferret named Willa. Willa carried genetic variation that was not represented in the modern captive-breeding population, so the project was designed as a conservation tool rather than a commercial pet-cloning exercise.
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What “successfully cloned” really means
A live birth is an important result, but it does not mean cloning is simple or reliably repeatable. SCNT has historically involved substantial embryo loss, failed pregnancies, abnormal development, and neonatal death. Results vary with the species, egg quality, donor-cell type, embryo culture, and laboratory protocol.
It also helps to separate three ideas that are often confused:
| What is shared | What may differ |
|---|---|
| Most of the donor’s nuclear DNA | Mitochondrial DNA from the egg donor |
| Many inherited genetic instructions | Coat pattern, markings, body development, and health |
| A genetic starting point | Temperament, training, memories, and behavior |
For pet owners, the example of CC the cat and the broader evidence from cloned dogs are especially relevant: a clone is not the same animal returned. It may share genetic traits with the donor, but it has its own developmental history and individual personality.
FAQ
Was Dolly the first animal ever cloned?
No. Animals had been cloned earlier through embryo splitting and other nuclear-transfer experiments. Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult, differentiated somatic cell.
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Are cloned pets exact copies of the original?
No. A clone mainly matches the donor in nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA comes from the egg donor, and coat markings, personality, health, and behavior can differ.
What was the first cloned dog?
Snuppy, an Afghan hound, was born in 2005. Independent DNA testing confirmed that he matched the donor dog at nuclear genetic markers.
Can cloning bring back an extinct or endangered animal?
Cloning can help preserve genetic material from living or recently deceased animals, as demonstrated by the black-footed ferret project. It does not by itself restore a species’ habitat, population size, genetic diversity, or ecosystem.
The Bottom Line
Scientists have successfully cloned at least these 15 animals, from Dolly the sheep to Elizabeth Ann the black-footed ferret. The breakthroughs show how far nuclear-transfer technology has progressed, but they do not make a clone a perfect biological or behavioral replacement. For pets especially, genetics is only one part of what makes an individual animal unique.
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