Uveitis is inflammation inside a cat’s eye. It can cause a painful, red or squinting eye, threaten vision, and sometimes be the only visible sign of illness elsewhere in the body. Contact a veterinarian promptly if your cat’s eye looks changed; symptoms alone cannot reveal the cause.
What is uveitis in cats?
The uvea is the eye’s middle layer, made up of the iris, ciliary body and choroid. Inflammation of some or all of these structures is called uveitis. Anterior uveitis affects the iris and ciliary body. It is an internal eye condition, not simply irritation on the eye’s surface.
Cornell describes healthy feline eyes as bright and clear, with pupils of equal size and no squinting. That is a general observation, not a home test that can confirm or rule out uveitis. Cornell Feline Health Center: Eye Inflammation (Uveitis)
What symptoms should owners watch for?
- Squinting, blinking more than usual, or holding the eye partly or fully closed
- Redness or other visible changes in the eye
- A third eyelid that protrudes across the eye
- Signs of discomfort or sensitivity to light
These signs warrant veterinary examination. Uveitis can resemble other eye problems, and a changed-looking eye cannot be diagnosed reliably at home. Since inflammation can be painful and may threaten sight, contact a veterinarian promptly rather than waiting to see if it clears. Anterior uveitis may be the only outward sign of an underlying disorder. Merck Veterinary Manual: Uveitis in Cats
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What causes uveitis in cats?
Uveitis describes inflammation; it does not identify its cause. Possible causes include infection, trauma, immune-mediated or metabolic disease, tumors, and cases where no cause is found. Infectious diseases associated with feline uveitis include:
- Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)
- Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
- Toxoplasmosis
- Systemic fungal disease
These are possibilities a veterinarian may consider, not conclusions that can be drawn from an eye’s appearance. Uveitis does not by itself prove that a cat has FIP or another infection. The cause must be assessed in the context of the examination and, when appropriate, testing. VCA Animal Hospitals: Uveitis in Cats
How do veterinarians diagnose it?
A veterinarian examines the eye to establish whether uveitis is present and distinguish it from other causes of eye changes. The clinician may also perform a physical examination and recommend tests for infectious or systemic disease, depending on the cat’s signs and findings. Eye ultrasound or referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist may be appropriate in some cases. The work-up is tailored to the individual cat; there is no single testing plan that applies to every patient.
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When discussing the next steps, useful factors include whether one or both eyes are affected, how severe the inflammation is, whether complications are present, and whether findings suggest a local eye problem or illness elsewhere. Those details help the veterinarian decide whether additional testing, imaging or specialist assessment is needed. MSD Veterinary Manual: Uveitis in Animals
How is uveitis treated?
Treatment aims to control inflammation and pain in the eye and to treat an underlying disease if one is identified. Veterinary references describe clinician-selected anti-inflammatory medicines applied to the eye and, when indicated, systemic treatment directed at the cause. The appropriate medicines depend on examination findings and whether infection or another condition is involved.
Do not start, stop or reuse eye medicines without veterinary direction. A product that is unsuitable for the actual eye problem may be inappropriate, and the sources support treatment selected by a clinician rather than owner-chosen drops. Ask the veterinarian what each prescribed medicine is intended to do and how follow-up will be handled. American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists: Uveitis
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What complications and outcomes are possible?
If inflammation is not controlled, complications can include secondary glaucoma, cataracts, displacement of the lens, and retinal damage or detachment. Some complications can threaten vision. The outlook varies with how advanced the condition is when diagnosed, its cause, and whether any associated disease can be controlled. There is no single outcome that can be promised for every cat.
Follow the veterinarian’s monitoring plan and seek prompt advice if the eye worsens or new signs appear. The clinician can reassess inflammation and check for complications as treatment proceeds. Veterinary Information Network: Feline Uveitis
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