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A free scan shows the junk files, broken settings and background clutter dragging Windows down - then fixes them in one click.Free scan · Windows 10 & 11AAHA recommends five core vaccines for dogs in the United States: distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus, leptospirosis, and rabies. The first four follow schedules based on age and vaccine history; rabies timing depends on local law. Other vaccines may be appropriate when a dog’s location, travel, or activities create specific exposure risks. AAHA’s canine vaccination guidance was updated in 2024 to make leptospirosis a core recommendation for all dogs.
What “core” and “noncore” mean
A core vaccine is the default recommendation for every dog unless an individual medical reason weighs against vaccination. A noncore vaccine is considered for dogs whose geography, lifestyle, or likely exposure makes it relevant. “Noncore” does not mean unimportant: AAHA’s practical question is, “What should be added to the core vaccines for this dog?” (American Animal Hospital Association, 2022 canine vaccination FAQ).
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AAHA’s recommendations address vaccines licensed in the United States. Local rabies laws and a dog’s medical circumstances can change the plan. The veterinarian should select the product and schedule for the individual animal.
Core vaccines and the usual schedule
AAHA lists distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus, leptospirosis, and rabies as core. Distemper, adenovirus, and parvovirus are commonly given in a combination vaccine; that combination may also include parainfluenza. Schedules below summarize AAHA’s recommendation table, not a substitute for product instructions or veterinary advice.
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| Vaccine | Initial series | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|
| Distemper, adenovirus, and parvovirus combination | Puppies: at least three doses between 6 and 16 weeks of age, spaced 2–4 weeks apart. Dogs older than 16 weeks starting the series: two doses 2–4 weeks apart. | A dose within one year after the initial series, then boosters every three years. |
| Leptospirosis | Two doses 2–4 weeks apart. Start at 12 weeks for puppies; dogs older than 16 weeks also receive two doses 2–4 weeks apart. | A dose within one year after the initial series, then annual boosters. |
| Rabies | Timing and initial requirements are determined by applicable law and the vaccine’s instructions. | Follow the law that applies where the dog is vaccinated and the product’s instructions. |
For leptospirosis, AAHA’s table specifies a killed four-serovar product. A veterinarian should determine whether and how to use that product for a particular dog. AAHA’s full recommendations and Table 2 schedules provide the detailed guidance.
When a noncore vaccine may make sense
AAHA lists vaccines for Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine influenza (H3N8/H3N2), and Western diamondback rattlesnake toxoid as noncore. Whether one belongs in a dog’s plan depends on local disease conditions and the dog’s actual exposure. In a region where a pathogen is endemic, a traditionally noncore vaccine may be treated as core for dogs there.
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- Lyme disease: Discuss tick exposure, where the dog lives, and where it travels.
- Bordetella and canine influenza: Consider contact with other dogs and whether respiratory disease is circulating. Boarding, daycare, dog parks, shows, agility events, and travel are relevant exposure questions—not an automatic reason to give every respiratory vaccine.
- Western diamondback rattlesnake toxoid: Consider only in relation to the dog’s location and plausible exposure.
Formulations and routes can differ, particularly for Bordetella, and schedules depend on the product. AAHA’s guidance on Bordetella, parainfluenza, and canine influenza discusses using exposure and disease circulation to guide decisions.
How to make the plan fit your dog
Bring the details that help a veterinarian assess need, timing, and safety. Useful topics include:
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- Administer 1 full teaspoon (5 mL) for each 10 lbs. of your dog's body weight
- Puppies should be treated with PetArmor Dewormer at 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks
- Adult dogs should be treated in monthly intervals if in heavily contaminated quarters
- Age and any known medical conditions or past vaccine reactions
- Vaccine records, including approximate dates if exact records are unavailable
- Home location, travel plans, and local disease risks
- Boarding, daycare, dog sports, shows, dog parks, and other dog contact
- Tick exposure and the dog’s typical outdoor activities
AAHA’s vaccine lifestyle calculator can help structure this conversation, but it is not an examination or an individualized clinical plan.
If vaccine records are incomplete or a dose is overdue
Do not assume that an unclear history means a dog should simply skip vaccination. AAHA says that, in most cases, the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks when the history is unknown or incomplete. Its guidance advises checking with manufacturers for instructions on overdue vaccines and following local rabies law. The practical rule in the AAHA table is “When in doubt, vaccinate”—in the context of uncertain or overdue history, not as a reason to disregard a specific medical concern, product instructions, or legal requirements.
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A veterinarian can also interpret serologic titers, which can indicate immune status and help assess suitability for vaccination, including in relation to maternally derived antibodies. A titer should not be assumed to meet a legal rabies vaccination requirement; check the applicable law.
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Why a generic online schedule may not fit
Age at the start of vaccination, prior doses, product formulation, exposure, and local rules all affect the plan. For example, the combination series for a puppy is not the same as the starting series for a dog older than 16 weeks, and leptospirosis has its own initial series and annual booster recommendation. AAHA’s schedule is guidance for U.S.-licensed vaccines; the veterinarian must reconcile it with the selected product, the dog’s history, and any relevant law.
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AAHA treats shelter medicine as a separate setting, with recommendations addressing vaccination at shelter presentation, for resident animals, and during outbreaks. Those situations require shelter-specific guidance rather than the general household-dog outline here; see the full AAHA canine vaccination guidelines.
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