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Entry 439Filed under Breeding

Ending Fast-Growing Chicken Breeds: What Needs to Change

Ending the use of fast-growing chicken breeds requires more than a breed change: slower-growing birds still need suitable space, litter, air quality, and care.
4-minute read By Animalso Team
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Ending the use of “unhealthy chicken breeds” means moving away from meat chickens selected to grow unusually quickly and toward slower-growing birds raised with good housing and care. Fast growth is linked to welfare concerns, but breed alone does not determine a bird’s experience: genetics, environment, housing, and management all matter.

Why are fast-growing chickens considered unhealthy?

Commercial broilers have been selected for rapid growth and meat yield. The concern is not that every bird of a particular breed will become ill; it is that selection for very fast growth is associated with a greater risk of welfare problems, while the conditions in which birds live can add to or reduce those risks.

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The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), in its 2023 assessment of day-old chicks, broiler breeders, and broilers raised for meat, identifies welfare consequences that include bone lesions and locomotory disorders. EFSA says further genetic selection for fast growth would exacerbate negative welfare consequences. The RSPCA also describes lameness and heart defects as problems linked to fast growth.

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The RSPCA says that in the UK, around 90% of chickens eaten are fast-growing breeds, and that the time from hatching to slaughter can be as short as five weeks. These are the RSPCA’s UK estimates and an example of a possible production timeline, not global figures or a universal slaughter age.

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What does ending their use involve?

A transition means changing breeding and production choices, not simply changing a label. Slower-growing breeds can reduce some serious health and mobility problems associated with faster-growing birds. They still need appropriate space, dry and friable litter, good air quality, lighting, opportunities to move and explore, and welfare monitoring.

EFSA’s 2023 opinion recommends limiting growth rate to a maximum of 50 g per day. This is an EFSA recommendation, not an existing statutory limit. It also emphasizes that housing and management affect welfare across broiler chickens and breeding stock.

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Housing and care remain important

EFSA reports that stocking densities above 11 kg/m2 increase footpad dermatitis and impair walking ability, comfort, and exploratory behaviour. It says friable litter is essential for comfort and exploratory and foraging behaviour, accessible elevated platforms reduce some risks, and ammonia levels above 15 ppm impair welfare. These findings concern broiler systems generally; they are not breed-specific effects.

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Slower growth is therefore a way to address some risks, not a guarantee that birds will be free of suffering. The evidence does not support treating breed choice as a substitute for suitable conditions and attentive management.

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How can consumers identify a slower-growing option?

For UK shoppers, RSPCA Assured is one example of a voluntary assurance scheme. The RSPCA says its standards do not permit fast-growing meat-chicken breeds, and that members must meet detailed standards and are regularly assessed. The scheme’s slower-growing breed approach is intended to reduce some health and mobility problems.

Labels are not interchangeable. A claim such as “higher welfare” or “organic” does not, by itself, establish that the product meets the same breed criteria as RSPCA Assured. Check the named scheme’s current standard and its scope, including whether it covers breed growth rate, stocking density, litter, air quality, enrichment, and movement.

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RSPCA Assured is a UK example, not a universal legal requirement or a standard that applies to every label in the UK or elsewhere. For shopping decisions in another country, check the local rules and the exact requirements of the assurance label.

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What protections and policy changes apply in Europe?

In the EU, broiler protections currently include Council Directive 2007/43/EC. The European Commission’s broilers overview says the directive sets minimum rules intended to address overcrowding and includes requirements on stocking density, lighting, litter, feeding, and ventilation.

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The Commission says it intends to propose a targeted revision of rules for broilers and laying hens by the end of 2026. Its revision page lists practical on-farm welfare indicators among the priorities. This is a planned proposal, not an enacted EU ban on fast-growing breeds.

A 2016 Commission report described fast-growing broilers as the norm in the EU sector at that time and discussed slower-growing birds as an intermediate production system. That historical account should not be read as a current estimate of market share.

What to look for in a welfare standard

  • Breed criteria: Does the standard exclude fast-growing breeds or set a growth-rate criterion?
  • Space and density: Does it set requirements for stocking density and usable space?
  • Living conditions: Does it address litter, air quality, lighting, enrichment, movement, and foraging?
  • Scope and enforcement: Is it law or a voluntary scheme, what products and stages does it cover, and how is compliance checked?
  • Jurisdiction: Do the requirements apply where the chicken is raised and sold?

EFSA’s assessment reviewed scientific and other literature and data available through November 2022. Some topics, including alternatives to feed restriction and certain breeder housing and stress conditions, had limited available data. That uncertainty does not erase the documented welfare concerns, but it is a reason to avoid claiming that one breed or intervention solves every problem.

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