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Entry 827Filed under Breeding

Heartworm Disease in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Testing, and Prevention

Dogs need annual antigen and microfilaria testing; cats need routine screening using antigen and antibody tests. Learn what to discuss with your veterinarian about heartworm prevention.
2-minute read By Animalso Team
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Heartworm disease affects both dogs and cats, but screening is different for each species. The American Heartworm Society (AHS) recommends annual antigen and microfilaria testing for dogs, routine screening for cats using both antigen and antibody tests, and year-round preventive medication for dogs. A veterinarian should interpret test results and help choose prevention for your pet.

What is heartworm disease?

Heartworm disease is caused by the parasite Dirofilaria immitis. It can affect dogs and cats. The AHS’s guidelines cover prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, and are revised periodically as evidence and clinical experience develop. Its current guideline index is available at the AHS guideline page.

How screening differs for dogs and cats

Dogs: annual antigen and microfilaria tests

AHS recommends that dogs be tested annually for heartworm antigen and microfilariae. The antigen test looks for evidence associated with adult female heartworms; microfilaria testing checks for the parasite’s offspring in the blood. A veterinarian can advise which tests are appropriate and explain the results. The AHS’s May 2025 overview describes the testing recommendations: A guide to heartworm testing. Its 2024 canine guideline update addresses prevention, diagnosis, and treatment: AHS updates heartworm guidelines for dogs.

Cats: routine screening and more than one test type

Cats are susceptible to heartworm disease, and the AHS recommends routine feline screening that includes both antigen and antibody tests. The 2024 feline guideline update discusses approaches that may include heat-treated serum antigen testing in some circumstances. A single negative result does not definitively rule out infection in a cat, so a veterinarian should interpret results alongside the cat’s health and history. See the AHS’s feline guideline update and testing guidance announcement.

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Symptoms and when to contact a veterinarian

Signs that may concern an owner should prompt veterinary advice rather than an attempt to diagnose heartworm at home. A positive test or symptoms warrant an evaluation and a plan tailored to the individual animal. Testing is not a treatment plan, and treatment decisions should be made by a veterinarian.

Prevention: discuss an appropriate plan with your veterinarian

For dogs

The AHS recommends year-round preventive medication for dogs. Ask your veterinarian which product and schedule fit your dog, and follow their advice about screening and prevention. Products differ in species labeling, form, and coverage; do not assume that medications are interchangeable or choose a dose without veterinary guidance.

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For cats

Ask a veterinarian about an appropriate preventive for your cat. The AHS recommends routine feline screening, but the cited summaries do not establish a universal screening interval for cats. Your veterinarian can advise on testing and prevention for your cat’s circumstances.

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Why current veterinary guidance matters

The AHS describes its guidelines as living documents, revised periodically in light of symposium information, new research, and clinical experience. Its current guideline index is the best place to check for the latest professional recommendations: American Heartworm Society guidelines. The AHS also maintains a resource center.

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