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Entry 436Filed under Breeding

Male Chick Culling in the Egg Industry: Why It Happens and What Could Replace It

Male chicks from egg-laying breeds are often killed shortly after hatching. In-ovo sexing, dual-purpose breeds, and rearing males for meat offer different alternatives, with distinct limits and policy status.
4-minute read By Animalso Team

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Male chicks from egg-laying breeds do not lay eggs and are not typically efficient meat birds, so conventional egg production has often killed them shortly after hatching. The main alternative is in-ovo sexing: identifying an embryo’s sex during incubation so selected male eggs can be removed before hatch. Dual-purpose breeds and raising male layer chicks for meat are other options, but they change how eggs and meat are produced rather than solving the problem in the same way.

Why male chicks are culled in the egg industry

Commercial egg production relies on breeds selected for laying. Their male chicks cannot produce eggs, and they generally do not grow into meat birds as efficiently as breeds raised for poultry meat. In conventional production, hatcheries have therefore killed male chicks shortly after hatching. The Associated Press describes this as the established practice in the industry (Associated Press, 2024).

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The practice is distinct from killing older laying hens when their egg production declines. It concerns male chicks from egg-laying lines, whose sex is identified after hatch under conventional methods.

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How in-ovo sexing is intended to prevent culling

In-ovo sexing checks an egg during incubation to determine whether its embryo is male or female. Eggs identified as male can be removed before the chick hatches, avoiding the step of hatching those chicks into the layer supply chain. Systems differ in how they detect sex, how early they operate, and which eggs they can process.

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Timing, egg color, and commercial speed matter

A system’s usefulness depends on more than whether it can identify sex. Relevant questions include accuracy, how errors are handled, whether it works with different egg colors and breeds, and whether it can operate at hatchery volumes. The Associated Press reported in 2024 that the Cheggy optical system identifies sex using feather shading, works on brown eggs, and has a reported maximum throughput of 25,000 eggs per hour. The report also described a key limitation: the system does not work on white eggs because male and female chicks in those eggs have similar-colored feathers. It reported installations at two U.S. hatcheries owned by Hy-Line North America; that is evidence of deployment at those sites, not a measure of wider adoption (Associated Press, 2024).

A European Commission CORDIS project report for the 2024–2025 reporting period describes day-six sexing as a development target, compared with approaches it says commonly operate on days nine to thirteen. This is a project-reported timing comparison, not independent proof that the target system is more accurate, safer, or commercially superior (European Commission CORDIS, reporting period 2024–2025).

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These examples show why “in-ovo sexing” is not one universal technology. The available reports do not provide independently comparable accuracy or error-rate results across commercial systems, nor do they establish market penetration by country.

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Other alternatives change the production model

Dual-purpose breeds

Dual-purpose chickens are bred so that females can lay eggs while males can be raised for meat. This avoids treating male chicks as a by-product with no production role, but it requires a different balance of egg and meat output. A UK parliamentary answer notes government-funded research into dual-purpose chickens, without quantifying their cost, productivity, or welfare relative to in-ovo sexing (UK Parliament, 2026).

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Raising male layer chicks for meat

Another option is to hatch male chicks from layer breeds and rear them for meat rather than killing them shortly after hatch. A scholarly abstract identifies this as an alternative category, but the cited material does not establish its commercial scale, comparative economics, or welfare outcomes (scholarly abstract, 2026).

The available sources do not support a robust head-to-head comparison of welfare and cost among these approaches. In-ovo sexing prevents selected males from hatching; the other options give males a production role, with different resource and farming requirements.

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What the cited policies say—and where

Germany

Germany’s Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture says the nationwide ban on chick culling has applied since 1 January 2022 (German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture).

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England

England’s December 2025 Animal Welfare Strategy welcomes industry interest in day-zero sexing and says the government will work with the egg industry toward ending male chick culling. That is a government-industry commitment, not evidence that England has enacted a ban (UK Government, Animal Welfare Strategy for England, December 2025). A June 2026 parliamentary response says there were no current plans for direct financial support to introduce egg-sexing technologies and notes government-funded research into dual-purpose chickens (UK Parliament, 2026).

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These positions should not be generalized to the whole UK or the EU. The cited sources establish a German ban and an English policy commitment; they do not provide a global legal survey.

What remains unresolved for consumers

Labels or claims about eggs do not, on their own, reveal which method a producer uses, how reliably a system works, or whether male chicks are raised under an alternative model. The sources cited here also do not establish broad adoption or comparable lifecycle welfare outcomes, so claims about the best approach should be treated cautiously.

There are welfare questions in the process as well as in the outcome. In the Associated Press report, Iowa State University animal-welfare professor Suzanne Millman discussed maceration, describing death as instantaneous while noting that the method uses rotating blades. That is her attributed view in the context of the report, not a universal finding about every method or circumstance (Associated Press, 2024). Likewise, a company executive’s description of eggs as ethically produced is a company characterization, not an independent welfare assessment.

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Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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