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The “world’s grumpiest cat” is the Pallas’s cat, or manul (Otocolobus manul). Researchers documented it in Nepal’s Sagarmatha National Park using DNA from scat collected at two sites in the Mount Everest region. The finding confirms the cat’s presence at those locations; it was not a photograph or direct sighting, and it does not show how many cats live in the park.
How researchers detected the cat
The evidence came from scat collected during the 2019 National Geographic and Rolex Perpetual Planet Everest Expedition. The biology team gathered samples opportunistically while conducting environmental sampling in the Khumbu Valley on Everest’s southern flank. DNA metabarcoding identified Pallas’s cat in samples from two locations 6 km apart, at elevations of 5,110 m and 5,190 m. The study reported two individual detections. The scientific report in CATnews describes this as the first record in eastern Nepal and a new mammal record for Sagarmatha National Park.
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Scat genetics and water environmental DNA did not produce the same result. The expedition’s water samples did not detect Pallas’s cat, while the scat samples did. Tracie Seimon, who led the study team, explained that water eDNA is transient and may not capture every species present. A negative water sample therefore did not rule out the cat’s presence.
What the record does—and does not—tell us
The samples establish that Pallas’s cats were present at the two sampled sites. They do not establish the number of cats in Sagarmatha National Park, local density, a breeding population, or a population trend. No photographs were obtained for this record. Nor does the finding prove that the species recently expanded into the area: it may have been present but overlooked. The report appeared in CATnews in Winter 2022; the Wildlife Conservation Society announced it in January 2023, and Scroll/Mongabay reported it in March 2023.
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The documented sites lie between known records in Sikkim to the east and Nepal’s Annapurna region to the west. Earlier camera traps in the region were generally set up to study other species, rather than specifically to find Pallas’s cats. Bikram Shrestha, who led the study documenting Nepal’s first camera-trap image of the species, said: “We have never had people looking for Pallas’s cat in the Himalayas.” Targeted camera trapping and scat sampling could help clarify the cat’s distribution and population status.
What the scat samples revealed about diet
The CATnews report detected pika (Ochotona roylei) DNA in all analyzed Pallas’s cat scat samples and mountain weasel (Mustela altaica) DNA in one. Red fox scat was found at the same location as Pallas’s cat. These findings are limited to the small sample set; they are not a complete diet profile or evidence that the two predators interacted.
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Habitat and conservation context
The IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group describes Pallas’s cats as associated with dry, cold continental climates. Their habitats include montane grassland, shrub and grass steppe, rocky alpine deserts, and semi-deserts. They use terrain with rock cover, hillslopes, and ravines; persistent snow cover deeper than 15 cm appears to limit their distribution. These habitat characteristics help explain why a high-altitude record is plausible, but they do not by themselves establish how widely the cat occurs in Sagarmatha.
The IUCN Red List classifies Pallas’s cat globally as Least Concern, based on an assessment last conducted on 6 November 2019. That global category is not a measure of security at every local site. The Red List’s Green Status material, published in 2026, gives a recovery score of 78% (range 52%–93%) and labels recovery status “Indeterminate,” reflecting uncertainty about the species’ population size, distribution, trends, and threats.
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Conservationists interviewed about the Nepal record raised concerns about local pressures, including farmers poisoning pikas because they disturb grazing animals and overgrazing that may affect grasslands used as habitat. These concerns were not measured as impacts by the scat study. Gangaram Regmi, a member of the Manul Working Group, said: “We have seen that farmers poison pikas because they disturb animal grazing.” He called for a species action plan involving local communities.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Why the discovery matters
This record shows the value of non-invasive genetic sampling for detecting an elusive animal that conventional surveys may miss. As conservationist Rinzin Phunjok Lama put it: “This also shows that non-invasive methods such as genetics can be effective to conduct rapid presence-absence surveys of the animal in other areas in Nepal.” The result is an important addition to the known local distribution, while the cat’s abundance and longer-term status in the Everest region remain unknown.
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