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The “cat smile” is a slow blink, not a mouth movement. When a cat is calm and looking your way, soften your gaze, narrow your eyes as if smiling gently, close them briefly, then reopen them. It is a low-pressure invitation to interact—not a guaranteed way to make an individual cat fall in love.
What people mean by a “cat smile”
People use “cat smile” as a friendly name for a sequence of eye movements that feline-behavior researchers call slow blinking or eye narrowing. It usually consists of several half-blinks followed by a longer narrowing of the eyes or a short eye closure. The peer-reviewed paper The role of cat eye narrowing movements in cat–human communication, published in Scientific Reports on 5 October 2020, defines slow-blink sequences this way: “a series of half-blinks followed by either a prolonged eye narrow or an eye closure.” Read the full study in Scientific Reports.
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The label is useful because it captures the relaxed appearance of the gesture, but it can also create false expectations. A human smile uses the mouth; a cat’s version is an eye signal. The available evidence indicates that cats can respond positively to a person’s slow blink on average. It does not establish that every cat will respond, that a cat understands the gesture exactly as a human does, or that the gesture produces love.
How to slow-blink at a cat
Professor Karen McComb of the University of Sussex gives the clearest practical instruction: “Try narrowing your eyes at them as you would in a relaxed smile, followed by closing your eyes for a couple of seconds.” Follow that advice with the low-pressure sequence below.
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- Choose a settled moment. Try when the cat is resting, sitting comfortably, or calmly observing you. Do not begin while it is eating, hiding, playing intensely, grooming a sore area, or reacting to a noise.
- Stay at a comfortable distance. Remain where the cat already seems at ease. Moving closer to force a response changes the interaction from an invitation into pressure.
- Face the cat without fixing it with a hard stare. Keep your head and shoulders loose. A rigid posture or unbroken direct gaze can be intimidating even when your eyes are meant to look friendly.
- Soften and narrow your eyes. Let your eyelids lower gradually, like a relaxed smile. You are not trying to squeeze your eyes shut or make an exaggerated expression.
- Close your eyes briefly. After the gentle narrowing, close your eyes for about two seconds, then open them normally. The brief closure is part of the signal described by McComb.
- Give the cat time. Return to a neutral, relaxed face and wait. The cat may narrow its eyes, half-blink, look away, remain still, or do nothing. All of those responses are information; none requires you to repeat the gesture immediately.
- End on the cat’s terms. If the cat turns away, moves off, flattens its ears, tucks its body tightly, or shows another sign of discomfort, stop and allow more space.
You do not need a toy, treat, clicker, special light, or other product. The behavior being tested is the person’s eye and facial movement, so adding an object is not part of the evidence for slow blinking.
What the cat may be communicating back
A cat that returns a slow blink, narrows its eyes, or gives a series of soft half-blinks may be participating in the same visual exchange. It may also simply be relaxed or responding to the interruption of a direct stare. The gesture is best treated as an opportunity to observe, not as a code with one guaranteed translation.
Looking away is not automatically rejection. Cats often break eye contact while remaining comfortable, and a cat may acknowledge you later. Conversely, a blink-back is not proof that the cat wants to be touched. Read the whole body: loose muscles, a natural tail position, forward or neutral ears, and the choice to remain nearby are more useful than the eyes alone when deciding whether to continue.
What the two experiments actually found
The 2020 study tested whether cats’ eye-narrowing behavior changed after a human delivered a slow-blink stimulus. It used two experiments, each with a different interaction. The sample was small, and the final analyses excluded statistical outliers, so the results describe group patterns rather than a promise for every household.
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| Experiment | Cats and setting | Comparison | Observed result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21 cats from 14 households were recruited; three dyads were excluded as outliers, leaving 18 cat–human dyads for analysis. Cats were filmed in their homes. | Owners delivered a slow-blink stimulus or stayed present without interacting. | Eye narrowing and half-blinking were higher during the slow-blink condition than during the no-interaction condition. |
| 2 | 24 additional cats were recruited; six were excluded as outliers, leaving 18 for the final analysis. An unfamiliar experimenter interacted with each cat. | The experimenter either slow-blinked or used a neutral face without direct eye contact, then offered a flat, palm-up hand. | Cats showed more half-blinks and eye narrowing after slow blinking. Their approach score toward the offered hand was also higher. |
In the second experiment, the mean approach score was 2.78 (standard deviation 0.43) after the slow-blink condition and 2.39 (standard deviation 0.70) after the neutral-face condition; the reported statistical test gave p = 0.035. Those numbers describe the study’s scoring system and sample, not a percentage chance that your own cat will approach you.
The unfamiliar person in experiment 2 matters. The cats’ greater approach score was observed after a human they did not already know used the slow blink, which suggests the behavior can influence an interaction beyond an established owner–cat routine. It still does not show that a cat has formed an emotional bond with that particular stranger.
Why the result is encouraging—but not a love spell
The findings are consistent with slow blinking functioning as a potentially positive form of cat–human communication. A relaxed narrowing of the eyes may make a human face less threatening, invite a cat to respond, or interrupt an intense, unbroken stare. The authors also discuss learning and reinforcement as possible explanations. Those possibilities are not settled mechanisms, and the paper says further work is needed before firm conclusions can be made about the emotional state associated with slow blinking.
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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware match“Make cats fall in love with you” is therefore a catchy promise rather than a scientific outcome. The study did not measure love, attachment, trust over time, or a cat’s preference for one person. It measured eye movements and, in the second experiment, approach toward a presented hand. A positive average response can coexist with an individual cat that ignores the signal, dislikes eye contact, or responds differently in a new environment.
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Important limits on the evidence
- Small final samples. Experiment 1 analyzed 18 dyads after three outliers were removed; experiment 2 analyzed 18 cats after six outliers were removed. Small samples can reveal a useful pattern while giving an imprecise picture of how widely it applies.
- Naturalistic conditions. The first experiment took place in the cats’ homes, which makes the interaction realistic but less tightly controlled than a laboratory test.
- A specific population. The participants were cats living in homes with outdoor access. The results should not automatically be generalized to indoor-only cats, shelter cats, kittens, feral cats, or cats with medical or sensory problems.
- Different neutral-condition cues. In experiment 2, the neutral-face condition also differed in gaze direction. That means the comparison was not only slow blinking versus no slow blinking; the visual behavior differed in another way as well.
- Unresolved meaning. Increased eye narrowing shows a behavioral response. It does not, by itself, identify a single emotion or prove that the cat interpreted the gesture as affection.
These qualifications do not make the technique useless. They tell you how to use it responsibly: offer the blink, observe the cat’s choice, and avoid treating one response as a diagnosis of the cat’s feelings.
When and where to try it
At home with a familiar cat
Use ordinary quiet moments, such as when the cat is resting on a chair or watching you from across a room. Keep the rest of your behavior predictable. If the cat approaches after the exchange, let it decide whether to sniff your hand or settle nearby rather than reaching over its head immediately.
With a new or shy cat
Increase distance and reduce your movements. Sit sideways instead of leaning over the cat, keep your hands still, and let the cat control whether the interaction continues. A slow blink cannot compensate for loud voices, blocked escape routes, forced handling, or a person who repeatedly follows the cat.
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At a veterinary clinic or shelter
Stress can change eye contact and body language, so do not use the gesture as a pass–fail test of temperament. Offer it only when staff consider the animal settled and when the cat has room to withdraw. A cat that does not blink in a kennel or examination room may be overwhelmed rather than unfriendly.
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Troubleshooting common responses
The cat does nothing
Do not escalate by moving closer, staring longer, or repeating the signal rapidly. The cat may be focused on another stimulus, may not be comfortable with the distance, or may simply have no observable response at that moment. Keep your face neutral and let the interaction end.
The cat looks away
Allow the break in eye contact. Looking away can reduce social pressure, and forcing the cat to look back defeats the low-pressure purpose of the gesture. You can remain quietly present without trying again.
The cat narrows its eyes but leaves
Record both parts of the event: an eye response occurred, and the cat chose to leave. The eye movement alone does not authorize petting or pursuit. Respect the departure and try another day from farther away.
The cat approaches your hand
Keep the hand low, flat, and still, as in the second experiment’s approach test. Let the cat sniff or pass by. Do not convert an approach into an attempt to pick the cat up, restrain it, or touch a sensitive area.
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The ears flatten, pupils become very large, the tail lashes, or the body tightens
Stop the exercise and create space. Those signs indicate that the interaction is not comfortable enough to continue, whatever the eyes are doing. If a sudden change in eye appearance or behavior persists outside social situations, seek veterinary advice because pain and illness can affect facial expression and interaction.
How to build trust around the slow blink
The blink works best as one small part of a consistent relationship. Give the cat reliable access to food, water, resting places, hiding options, and a route away from people. Move predictably, handle only what the cat accepts, and stop contact when the cat signals that it has had enough. These practices are general welfare measures, not components tested by the slow-blink experiments, so they should not be presented as a formula proven to produce a blink-back.
Use the cat’s choices to set the pace. A cat that repeatedly remains near you, initiates contact, or relaxes in your presence is providing broader behavioral information than a single eye movement. A cat that avoids interaction may need environmental changes, a slower introduction, or professional help rather than more attempts at the “cat smile.”
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Because eye narrowing can be observed without asking a cat to perform a trained behavior, it may become useful for assessing welfare in settings where cats encounter unfamiliar people. Dr Tasmin Humphrey, the study’s first author, said: “Our findings could potentially be used to assess the welfare of cats in a variety of settings, including veterinary practices and shelters.” The University of Sussex summary provides the quoted guidance and context.
That is a potential application, not a validated welfare scale. Staff would need to consider the cat’s full posture, environment, health, and previous behavior rather than scoring a blink in isolation. Dr Leanne Proops, a comparative psychologist and ethologist at the University of Portsmouth, captured the difficulty of studying spontaneous interactions: “It’s definitely not easy to study natural cat behaviour so these results provide a rare insight in to the world of cat-human communication.” Read the University of Portsmouth account.
A practical decision rule
- Is the cat already calm? If not, wait.
- Can the cat leave freely? If not, do not initiate the exchange.
- Can you soften your gaze without staring? If yes, give one slow blink and pause.
- What does the whole body say? Continue only while the cat remains loose and able to choose distance.
- Are you expecting proof of affection? Replace that expectation with observation. The gesture is an invitation, not a test the cat must pass.
The bottom line on making cats “fall in love”
Try the cat smile by gently narrowing your eyes, closing them for a couple of seconds, and reopening them when a cat is relaxed and looking toward you. The 2020 study found more eye-narrowing responses after human slow blinks in both experiments, and a higher average approach score after an unfamiliar experimenter’s slow blink. That is promising evidence for a friendly communication signal, not proof that the gesture creates love or works for every cat. The most respectful result is the one in which the cat remains in control of whether the interaction continues.
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