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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteIn February 2014, researchers recorded an enormous feeding event in the Barents Sea off Norway: a shoal of Atlantic cod consumed an estimated 10.5 million capelin over a few hours. MIT described it in 2024 as the largest ocean predation event observed by number of individuals and area. The figures come from acoustic mapping, not a count of each fish.
What happened in the Barents Sea?
As capelin migrated to spawn, a large shoal gathered off Norway. Atlantic cod converged around it, forming a second shoal. Over the next few hours, the cod consumed millions of capelin; then both shoals broke apart and the fish scattered.
MIT News reported the event on October 29, 2024, using observations collected on February 27, 2014. Its account links the event to the study Rapid predator-prey balance shift follows critical-population-density transmission between cod (Gadus morhua) and capelin (Mallotus villosus).
How many fish were involved?
The estimates reported by MIT describe shoals spanning more than ten kilometers and predation across tens of kilometers:
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- Capelin: about 23 million in the gathered shoal.
- Cod: about 2.5 million in the predator shoal that formed around it.
- Capelin eaten: an estimated 10.5 million over a few hours—more than half of the gathered prey, according to MIT.
These are estimates derived from acoustic mapping, not direct counts of individual fish. “Largest ever observed” is the researchers’ record characterization, as described by MIT: it refers to the number of individuals and the area involved. It does not mean every predation event in the ocean has been seen or counted.
How did scientists see the shoals?
The observation was acoustic imaging and analysis, not underwater video. Researchers reanalyzed data collected during a research cruise and used Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS), a system that sends sound into the ocean and records echoes from fish and other objects.
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In MIT’s description, a vertical acoustic array attached to a boat sends the sound, while a towed array of receivers records what is reflected or scattered. Researchers analyze the resulting waveforms to map fish over large areas. A multispectral method helped distinguish cod from capelin because their swim bladders have different acoustic resonances. As MIT quoted professor Nicholas Makris explaining: “Fish have swim bladders that resonate like bells.”
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Did the feeding event threaten the regional capelin population?
MIT reported that the preyed-upon shoal represented about 0.1 percent of the capelin that spawn in the region. On that basis, the single event was considered unlikely to weaken the regional population as a whole. The estimate concerns this event; it is not evidence that the event caused a regional population decline.
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The study’s broader concern is conditional. Capelin support many fish species, and the researchers raise the possibility that events like this could matter more if climate change and other human pressures reduce ecological hotspots where predators and prey gather. MIT also reports that the authors suspect coordinated predation may be common, while describing this as the first documented event of this scale.
Makris said: “In our work we are seeing that natural catastrophic predation events can change the local predator prey balance in a matter of hours.” George Rose, a University of British Columbia fisheries professor who was not involved in the work, called it “a truly fascinating study that documents complex spatial dynamics linking predators and prey, here cod and capelin, at scales previously unachievable in marine ecosystems.”
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Read MIT News’ account of the event and observation method.
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