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ANIMALSO
Breeding

What Ilhabela’s Community Mealy Amazon Census Found—and What It Cannot Yet Show

A community census on Ilhabela trained local volunteers to survey Southern Mealy Amazons. WPT later reported a conservative 201-bird estimate for counts spanning October 2024 and April 2025.

By Animalso Team 8 min read

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The best available figure for Southern Mealy Amazons on Ilhabela is a conservative estimate of 201 birds, but it is not an October 2024-only count. The World Parrot Trust (WPT) later reported that estimate for a project combining counts made in October 2024 and April 2025. The October event announcement itself reported the people and places involved, not a final number.

The census brought together Área de Soltura Monitorada de Fauna Silvestre Cambaquara (ASM Cambaquara), the Ilhabela City Council’s Environment Department and WPT support. Local residents were trained in species recognition and survey methodology, then stationed at observation points in Ilhabela’s urban areas. That community structure is the central achievement: it created a repeatable local effort to document parrots while building practical knowledge among people who live alongside them.

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The two reports answer different questions

Readers asking “How many Mealy Amazons are on Ilhabela?” will see two sets of figures because WPT published two accounts with different date scopes. Keeping those scopes separate prevents the most important misunderstanding about the project.

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Source and date What it covers Figures reported What the figures do not establish
WPT census announcement, December 6, 2024 The census conducted in October 2024 48 volunteers at 21 observation points in Ilhabela’s urban areas; in-person and online training No total number of parrots and no published full sampling protocol
WPT conservation-project page, accessed 2026 The project’s first count in October 2024 and second count in April 2025 50 community volunteers, more than 2,000 individual observations and a conservative estimate of 201 individuals on Ilhabela It does not make 201 an October-only result or demonstrate a population trend

The later project summary is therefore the source for the 201-bird estimate. The earlier announcement remains the source for the October event’s organization: 48 volunteers, 21 observation points and the training program.

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Who organized the census and who did the counting?

This was a local partnership rather than a count conducted solely by visiting researchers. ASM Cambaquara and the Ilhabela City Council’s Environment Department organized the October census with support from WPT. Volunteers from the community supplied the observers distributed across the island’s urban observation points.

The December 2024 announcement says 48 volunteers took part in the October census. They were prepared through both in-person and online sessions covering two practical subjects:

  • Species recognition: learning how to distinguish a Southern Mealy Amazon from other parrots that might be seen around Ilhabela.
  • Methodology: learning the agreed way to make and record observations so reports from different points could be combined.

The later WPT project page refers to 50 community volunteers across the project’s two counts. The change from 48 to 50 should not be treated as a contradiction: the first figure is tied specifically to the October 2024 event announcement, while the second describes participation in the broader effort that included the April 2025 count.

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What the October 2024 census actually reported

The October event was designed to begin a clearer picture of Ilhabela’s parrots and to encourage residents to protect them. WPT described it as “a vital census” and as an effort “about inspiring a community to protect a beloved species.” Those are WPT’s descriptions of the project’s purpose, not an independent measurement of its conservation impact.

Its concrete, published details are straightforward:

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  • It took place in October 2024.
  • Observers were placed at 21 points in Ilhabela’s urban areas.
  • Forty-eight volunteers participated in that event.
  • Training was delivered in person and online, covering recognition and methodology.

The announcement does not publish a bird total, the observation windows, a detection model, or a complete sampling protocol. Consequently, it is not accurate to say that the October announcement counted 201 birds. The 201 figure appears only in the later project summary that combines the October and April counts.

How to interpret the 201-bird estimate

WPT’s later conservation-project page reports more than 2,000 individual observations made by 50 community volunteers and gives a conservative estimate of 201 individuals on Ilhabela. Because the page presents that result alongside the first count in October 2024 and the second in April 2025, the date-qualified statement is:

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The October 2024 and April 2025 survey effort together produced more than 2,000 observations and a conservative estimate of 201 Southern Mealy Amazons on Ilhabela.

“Estimate” matters. An observation is a recorded sighting; an estimate attempts to account for the fact that observers cannot see every bird. Multiple observers may see the same flock, while birds hidden by vegetation or absent during a survey period may go unrecorded. The project summary does not publish enough methodological detail to reconstruct the calculation, so the number should be used as the project’s reported baseline rather than as a claim of a precisely enumerated island population.

“Conservative” also belongs with the number. It signals that WPT is presenting 201 as a cautious project estimate, not a maximum possible total. No competing census estimate is reported in the available accounts.

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Why involve local volunteers?

A community-led count can put many observers in place at once, which is especially useful for a mobile, wide-ranging bird. Twenty-one urban observation points allow sightings to be recorded across more of Ilhabela than a single team could cover at one time. Training gives volunteers a shared basis for identifying the target species and following the same recording approach.

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The benefits are not limited to the spreadsheet of sightings. Residents who can recognize the species and understand why consistent records matter become potential long-term observers. They may notice birds outside formal count days, report threats, and explain the value of mature trees and forest connections to neighbors. The project’s organizers explicitly linked the census with community protection and with celebrating ASM Cambaquara’s 10 years of work.

Silvana from A.S.M. Cambaquara expressed that community dimension this way:

“You have made a dream come true thanks to your generous support! This census, with nearly 50 volunteers collecting critical data, is a wonderful way to celebrate 10 years of our NGO’s work. Thank you to the WPT and donors for believing in us.”

— Silvana, A.S.M. Cambaquara

The source gives no surname or formal role for Silvana, so those details should not be added.

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What is a Southern Mealy Amazon?

The census concerns the Southern Mealy Amazon, Amazona farinosa. WPT treats Southern and Northern Mealy Amazons as separate conservation-project subjects. The species occurs widely in parts of Central and South America, so Ilhabela is one local setting within a much larger range.

WPT’s species profile describes Southern Mealy Amazons as birds of humid lowland or montane forest and forest edges. They feed in the upper canopy, occur as pairs or small flocks, and can gather at communal roosts that contain several hundred birds outside the breeding season. Those behaviors help explain both the appeal and the difficulty of a community census: birds may be conspicuous when flying or calling, yet canopy height, flock movement and shared roosts can make it hard to determine how many individuals were actually present.

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Conservation status beyond Ilhabela

WPT’s profile lists the Southern Mealy Amazon as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List and in CITES Appendix II. Least Concern does not mean that every local population is secure; it is a broad species-level category. CITES Appendix II concerns international trade controls and likewise does not provide a local population count.

The same WPT profile describes the overall population as unknown and decreasing, says the species is locally common, and identifies habitat loss, hunting and trapping as pressures. It reports a suspected species-wide decline of 10–19% over 30 years. It also reports tree-cover loss within the species’ range equivalent to roughly 13% over three generations since 2000.

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These percentages are context for the species as a whole, not measurements from Ilhabela. The island census cannot be used to calculate either figure, and the figures cannot be used to claim that Ilhabela’s birds declined by the same amount. They do, however, show why local baseline data can be useful: a place-specific series of comparable counts may eventually reveal whether the island’s birds are stable, increasing or decreasing.

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What this census can—and cannot—tell us

What it can tell us now

  • Ilhabela has an organized local network capable of observing Southern Mealy Amazons across multiple urban points.
  • Dozens of residents received shared training in identification and survey methods.
  • The project has a reported baseline of more than 2,000 observations and a conservative 201-bird estimate for the effort spanning October 2024 and April 2025.
  • Future counts have a starting point against which their methods and results can be compared.

What it cannot tell us yet

  • It does not establish how many birds were present on Ilhabela on a particular day in October 2024.
  • It does not show whether the local population is rising, falling or stable.
  • It does not separate births, deaths, immigration and emigration.
  • It does not measure the island’s habitat loss or prove that any species-wide decline rate applies locally.
  • It does not provide a published, fully reproducible sampling protocol in the December announcement.

A trend requires repeated counts made with sufficiently consistent methods and dates. The October and April surveys are an important start, but two project counts do not by themselves establish a long-term direction.

Why the date distinction matters

Season can affect where parrots are seen, how large flocks appear and whether birds gather at communal roosts. Comparing an October observation set with an April set may therefore involve genuine seasonal differences as well as changes in the number of birds. Without a published protocol and a longer run of comparable surveys, readers should resist treating the two dates as a before-and-after population test.

The safest way to report the project is to attach each figure to its source and scope: 48 volunteers and 21 urban observation points for the October 2024 event announcement; 50 volunteers, more than 2,000 observations and 201 birds for the later summary of the October 2024 and April 2025 counts.

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What a useful follow-up would need to preserve

If Ilhabela continues the census, the value of the baseline will depend on consistency and transparent records. A follow-up should make clear the dates and time windows used, which points were occupied, how repeat sightings were handled, how observers distinguished individuals or flocks, and how the estimate was calculated. Publishing those details would let residents and outside readers judge whether later numbers are genuinely comparable.

Continuity also matters socially. Keeping trained volunteers involved, welcoming new observers and maintaining coordination between ASM Cambaquara and the city Environment Department can preserve the local knowledge built during the first effort. Community participation is not a substitute for careful analysis, but it can provide the observation coverage and stewardship needed for careful analysis to become possible.

The practical answer for readers

If you need one number, use 201 only with its full qualification: WPT reports a conservative estimate of 201 Southern Mealy Amazons from the project effort covering counts in October 2024 and April 2025. If you are describing the October event itself, report 48 volunteers and 21 urban observation points, and say that the announcement did not publish a total.

The broader significance is the partnership. Ilhabela’s residents were not simply subjects of a wildlife survey; they were trained participants in building a local record of a forest-dependent parrot. That record is valuable precisely because it is a beginning. It does not yet prove a local trend, but it gives the community a documented starting point for learning what happens next.

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Amazona farinosaBird ConservationBrazilcommunity scienceIlhabelaSouthern Mealy Amazon

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