USDA confirmed highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in a backyard flock in Honolulu County on November 18, 2024. The flock was non-commercial and included non-poultry birds; it was not a commercial poultry farm. Hawaiʻi officials said the risk to the general public was low, while urging people to avoid sick or dead birds and report unusual animal illness or deaths.
What happened in Central Oʻahu?
Hawaiʻi’s Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity said it received confirmation from the USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) on November 15, 2024. USDA announced the confirmation on November 18, describing the affected group as a non-commercial backyard flock of non-poultry birds in Honolulu County. It was Hawaiʻi’s first confirmed HPAI detection in domestic birds during the outbreak that began in February 2022. (USDA APHIS; Hawaiʻi Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity)
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At least 10 dead birds were reported on the property on November 12. The birds tested included ducks, a goose, and a zebra dove. An HDOA veterinarian performed necropsies and sent samples to the state laboratory and NVSL, the federal confirmatory laboratory for reportable animal-disease diagnostics. (Hawaiʻi Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity)
What did officials do, and how did the virus get there?
Before confirmation, Hawaiʻi placed a hold order that prevented animals from being moved off the property. After confirmation, the state ordered quarantine, depopulation of the birds on the affected property, and cleaning and disinfection of the premises. USDA said it was working with state animal-health officials on a joint response and would provide support as requested. The route by which the virus reached the flock was unknown; Hawaiʻi’s position on the Pacific Flyway is relevant background, but does not prove migratory birds introduced this infection. (USDA APHIS; Hawaiʻi Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity)
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What kind of bird flu was detected?
Hawaiʻi’s Department of Health described the virus as H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, similar to the strain then affecting wild birds, domestic poultry, and dairy cows on the mainland. Its account said genotype results were pending, so a specific genotype for this flock should not be inferred. The department also reported environmental wastewater detections in late 2024 and early 2025; wastewater surveillance is distinct from confirmation of infection in an animal or person. (Hawaiʻi Department of Health)
Did the flock pose a risk to people at the Mililani Pet Fair?
Some birds from the flock had been at the Mililani Pet Fair on November 2, 2024. Hawaiʻi DOH said the flock’s first signs appeared several days later and the birds were not showing symptoms at the fair. The department assessed the risk of transmission to people at the event as low. (Hawaiʻi Department of Health)
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Is bird flu in Hawaiʻi dangerous to people?
Hawaiʻi DOH said the risk to the general public remained low. Close contact with sick or dead animals, or handling contaminated feces, bedding, or other materials, can expose people to the virus. The state’s 2024 announcement said human illness was uncommon and advised avoiding direct contact with sick or dead birds, livestock, and wild animals. (Hawaiʻi Department of Health; Hawaiʻi Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity)
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What should backyard flock owners do?
USDA advises bird owners to strengthen biosecurity, prevent domestic birds from contacting wild birds, and report sick birds or unusual deaths to state or federal officials. Its announcement lists APHIS’s toll-free number, 1-866-536-7593, and links to Defend the Flock resources. For Hawaiʻi-specific reporting instructions and current contact information, check the state animal-health announcement, since numbers and advice may change. (USDA APHIS)
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What should you do if you find a sick or dead bird?
- Do not touch sick or dead wild birds, and avoid direct contact with sick or dead domestic animals.
- Report multiple sick or dead wild birds, or unusual illness or deaths among poultry or other animals, to the appropriate state or federal officials. Use Hawaiʻi’s current guidance for local reporting details.
- If you develop symptoms after direct contact with a sick or dead animal, contact a healthcare provider and Hawaiʻi DOH’s Disease Reporting Line at 808-586-4586 for guidance. This is general public-health information, not a diagnosis or personalized medical advice.
(Hawaiʻi Department of Health)
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How do later Hawaiʻi bird-flu reports relate to this case?
Hawaiʻi’s November 2025 release reported H5N1 detections in wild birds on Maui and Oʻahu. Those were separate wildlife reports, not additional confirmations in domestic flocks. The state described public and poultry risk as low based on the surveillance reported in that release; for the present risk level, consult the latest state updates rather than treating a past assessment as current. (Hawaiʻi Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity)
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