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Entry 763Filed under Breeding

Where Do Cod Fish Live? Atlantic and Pacific Cod Habitats

Atlantic and Pacific cod live in different ocean basins. Learn where each species occurs and how habitat, depth, and season shape its distribution.
2-minute read By Animalso Team
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“Cod” can refer to different species with different ranges. Atlantic cod live in the North Atlantic, while Pacific cod live across the coastal North Pacific. Both are generally near the seafloor as adults, but their locations, depths, and seasonal patterns differ.

Where do Atlantic cod live?

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) occur in the Northwest Atlantic from Greenland to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. In U.S. waters, they are most common on Georges Bank and in the western Gulf of Maine. NOAA Fisheries describes them as living near the ocean floor, especially along rocky slopes and ledges, in cold water and over coarse sediments rather than fine mud and silt. Their typical habitat depth is about 30–500 feet. NOAA Fisheries: Atlantic Cod

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Where do Pacific cod live?

Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) inhabit the coastal North Pacific. Their range extends from the Bering Sea south to Southern California on the eastern side of the Pacific, and west to the Sea of Japan. They are less common in Central California and rare in Southern California. NOAA Fisheries: Pacific Cod

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Adult and larger juvenile Pacific cod are near-bottom fish found over mud, sand, and clay. Larvae and small juveniles, by contrast, occur throughout the water column. NOAA’s Alaska Fisheries Science Center lists a recorded North Pacific depth range of 0–875 meters and common depths of 0–300 meters; these broad figures are not limits that every population or life stage occupies. NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center depth table

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How do Pacific cod locations change by season?

Pacific cod shift between deeper and shallower areas over the year. NOAA describes winter habitat at the continental shelf edge and upper continental slope, at 300 to more than 800 feet, followed by movement into shelf waters 300 feet deep or less in summer. Spawning is reported from January through May on the shelf edge and upper slope, at depths of 330–820 feet. These are seasonal habitat descriptions, not fixed boundaries for every fish. NOAA Fisheries: Pacific Cod

Atlantic cod and Pacific cod at a glance

Species Geographic range Typical habitat Depth and seasonal pattern
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) Northwest Atlantic, Greenland to Cape Hatteras; common in U.S. waters on Georges Bank and in the western Gulf of Maine. Near the seafloor along rocky slopes and ledges; cold water and coarse sediments. About 30–500 feet; no seasonal depth pattern stated in NOAA’s species overview. NOAA Fisheries
Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) Coastal North Pacific, from the Bering Sea to Southern California in the east and the Sea of Japan in the west. Adults and larger juveniles live near the bottom over mud, sand, and clay; larvae and small juveniles occur throughout the water column. Winter habitat is 300 to more than 800 feet deep; summer feeding areas are 300 feet deep or less. Spawning is reported at 330–820 feet from January through May. NOAA Fisheries
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What does “near the seafloor” mean?

Cod are often described as demersal fish: they live close to the bottom rather than spending their adult lives mainly near the surface. That does not mean every life stage stays on the bottom. Pacific cod larvae and small juveniles occupy the water column before larger fish are typically found near the seafloor. NOAA Fisheries

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